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Abordagens inovadoras no reparo de feridas com óleo ozonizado e terapia por fotobiomodulação
(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Pimentel, Priscila Cristina Oliveira Zignani; Tim, Carla Roberta
Hard-to-heal wounds present significant challenges in their therapeutic context due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and associated infections, thus resulting in delays for the tissue-healing process. The present study aimed to carry out a clinical trial to identify the microbial agent present in hard-to-heal wounds on the lower limbs, assess the antimicrobial effects of ozonated oil and examine the benefits of photobiomodulation combined with ozonated oil in the treatment of those wounds. Then we examined the antimicrobial kinetics of ozonated oil on microorganisms found in wounds by an in vitro study. For this study, some commercial ozonated sunflower oil was used as well as the LED photobiomodulation therapy, 660 nm, 30 seconds, punctual 2 cm away on the wound bed and on the margins in contact with the skin, 120 mW, 3.6 J per point. The procedure was performed three times a week, for a period of 12 weeks. The clinical results evidenced a significant healing of injuries treated with ozonated oil and photobiomodulation, evidenced by a reduction in traces of infection, presence of granulation tissue, wound area reduction and, in some cases, full wound closure. Among the microorganisms identified are Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli, all proved resistant to the antibiotics tested. The results obtained in vitro revealed that the ozonated oil was effective in reducing and eliminating colony-forming units in all microorganisms tested when subjected to concentrations deemed low, ranging from 1.6% to 12.5%, demonstrating antibacterial activity. In conclusion, ozonized oil, associated with photobiomodulation therapy, demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of wounds that are difficult to repair. However, new clinical trials are necessary to establish more improved treatment protocols.
Algoritmo para detecção, classificação e quantificação de rugas em imagens ópticas ampliadas
(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Silva, Gustavo Carlos da; Martin, Airton Abrahão
The analysis of skin relief is crucial in the development of new skin care products, as well as in the evaluation of dermatological treatments. The analysis can be performed by qualitative or quantitative methods. In the present work, it is proposed the development of a new algorithm for classification, detection, and quantification of wrinkles through the image processing from a digital dermatoscope. Two clinical studies were carried out, one with 90 research participants and another with 33 research participants, in which images were collected with the dermatoscope and PRIMOS® equipment for the evaluation of wrinkles. In the first study, images were collected to identify characteristics of the images, for subsequent separation into groups according to the different degrees of wrinkles. In the second study, images were collected at two different times: Day 0 (D0) and after 45 days (D45) using a dermo cosmetic product. A separation of groups was then performed on the set of images collected in the first study, in which the training of a convolutional neural network was applied to evaluate the images, the accuracy of the neural network was 78.5%. Subsequently, a new algorithm was developed to detect wrinkles in the images acquired in the second study, through the application of filters and image transformations that generate a segmented image highlighting the wrinkles. From the pixels belonging to the wrinkles, a roughness calculation method is proposed. The correlation between the values obtained by the PRIMOS® equipment and the proposed system was verified. No correlation was found for the data obtained at D0, however, there was a correlation at time D45 by Spearman's similarity coefficient. When comparing the roughness between times D0 and D45, the treatment was statistically significant both for PRIMOS® and for the proposed methodology data. The wrinkle detection algorithm, in addition to the roughness calculation, demonstrated sensitivity comparable to the PRIMOS® system in evaluating the efficacy of the dermo cosmetic treatment, identifying differences between treatments and the convolutional neural network was able to classify wrinkles. Considering the simplicity of the dermoscope design, compared to other established devices such as the PRIMOS®, the proposed system is promising as an alternative for dermatological evaluations.
Análise e otimização dos algoritmos para angiografia por tomografia por coerência óptica e desenvolvimento de Phantom por impressão 3D
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Rodrigues, Karina de Cássia; Amaral, Marcelo Magri; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de
Skin grafts are surgically applied to repair skin lesions such as burns and extensive necrosis. The success of this surgical procedure is associated with good blood supply in the grafted region. Thus, the assessment of angiogenesis during the tissue repair process is essential for its prognosis. The development of non-invasive evaluation techniques is extremely important for the success of this procedure. One of the promising techniques is Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A), a non invasive technique that can be used to obtain images of the vascularization of biological tissues. The adoption of this technique as a clinical practice in dermatology involves reducing its cost, and the use of equipment with a low acquisition rate (low cost) is a possible path. Thus, this work aimed to implement and optimize algorithms for obtaining angiography images by optical coherence tomography (OCT-A) for applications in images acquired with low acquisition rate and cost equipment. To test those methods, it is requiring the use of phantom that simulate the behavior of the microvascular system. Thus, this work also aimed at the development of a phantom to simulate a microvascular system using 3D printing technology. Phantoms containing microchannels were designed and printed on polylactic acid (PLA) using a 3D printer by fused filament deposition. These PLA phantoms were imaged with the OCT system (OQLabScope - Lumedica, USA). Seven different OCT-A methods were implemented (HFM, STS, CM, SV, OSV, ISC and UHS-OMAG) and compared against their processing time, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio. The OSV and CM methods showed better overall performance based on these parameters, but CM shown higher processing time. An optimization of the CM method was proposed in this work, reducing the processing time by 99.2%, a significant gain for the algorithm that presented better performances in contrast.
Aplicação in vivo não invasiva da espectroscopia Raman confocal na identificação de alterações relacionadas à idade no estrato córneo e epiderme humana
(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Abdala, Julia Marinzeck de Alcantara; Martin, Airton Abrahão; Fávero, Priscila Pereira
Human skin comprises layers known as the stratum corneum and the epidermis, each possessing biomolecules, structure and functions. The Raman spectroscopy technique enables research on the biochemical composition of biological samples in vivo, such as skin, its biomolecules and biomarkers, in a selective and non-destructive way, allowing for in vivo examination of tissue layers. This elucidates the biophysical links between vibrational characteristics and changes in specific chemical compositions. This study aims to use confocal Raman spectroscopy to evaluate age related biochemical and spectral changes in the stratum corneum and human epidermis, focusing specifically on spectral modifications in the natural moisturizing factor (NMF), keratin, lipids and proteins. Skin-related data were acquired using a confocal Raman system with a 785 nm diode laser, which consisted of two defined age groups, group I, 27±3 years, and group II, 55±4 years, comprising 71 volunteers. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to interpret and classify the average spectral data from each skin layer. Analyses measured two different skin groups and revealed the most representative peaks for the stratum corneum and epidermis. Amide III and amide I, both in the α-helical conformation, showed increased signals in the spectra of the epidermis and stratum corneum of group I. It was observed that increased keratin filament cross-linking with age is a possible contributor to the increase in stiffness, which consequently led to a decrease in the Raman signal in group II. The opposite occurred with the lipid signal, as changes in the lateral packaging of lipids indicated skin aging with an increase in the Raman signal in group II. The difference between the NMF means was statistically significant between the two age groups. Thus, the present research fills an important current research gap in differentiating skin characteristics across different age groups and their layers using confocal Raman spectroscopy.
Aplicações de modelos computacionais de análise de dados biomédicos em plataformas de dispositivos móveis
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Sousa, José Vigno Moura; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins da
This work develops CNNPulmona and CNNCardio, implementations of computational models for optimization of analysis of biomedical data from chest radiography (CXR) and electrocardiogram (ECG), respectively, deployable in mobile device platforms, in addition to a comparison of several methods of signal compression. CNNPulmona is an approach for classifying chest Xray images into three classes: bacterial pneumo nia, viral pneumonia (Covid19 or other type) and healthy lung. Convolutional Neural Networks are used, based on pretrained networks in conjunction with a quantization process, by means of the TensorFlow Lite platform method, thereby reducing the com putational cost. The cascade classification method is used, which makes it possible to divide the classifications into different stages; thus, it was possible to obtain 99.16% ac curacy in the classification of images with suspicion of Covid19. The resulting mobile application program also features a simple and intuitive user interface. In CNNCardio, a new method to classify electrocardiogram signals on mobile devices is proposed, which can classify different arrhythmias according to the EC57 standard of the Asso ciation for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. A convolutional neural net work was built, trained and validated with the MITBIH arrhythmia dataset, in which this database has 5 different classes: normal beat, premature supraventricular beat, pre mature ventricular contraction, ventricular beat fusion, normal and unclassifiable beat. After being trained and validated, the model is submitted to a posttraining quantization stage using the TensorFlow Lite conversion method.The results obtained were very sat isfactory, before and after quantization; the convolutional neural network obtained an accuracy of 99%. With the quantization technique, it was possible to obtain a significant reduction in the size of the model, thus enabling the development of the mobile applica tion; this reduction was approximately 90% in relation to the size of the original model. Additionally, the behavior of different signals was compared, when applied to different compression techniques, in order to test and find the best compression techniques for distinct types of biomedical signals, also proving that different types of biomedical sig nals behave distinctly in different types compression of biomedical signals, the results of this comparison of signal compression methods were very satisfactory, demonstrating that different types of compression can be used on signals for better results.
Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento da microbiota bucal
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Moreti, Lucieni Cristina Trovati; Tim, Carla Roberta; Assis, Lívia
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is based on the interaction of light with a photosensitizer capable of promoting microbial destruction. In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of aPDT was evaluated in vitro using two photosensitizers (phenothiazine and annatto) and different times of treatment of oral biofilm, as well as microorganisms were identified and bacterial resistance and sensitivity to certain antibiotics were evaluated. For this, antimicrobial samples of oral biofilm (tongue) were collected from patients without and with pneumonia admitted to the ICU, who were intubated for a period of at least 24 and at most 48 hours, using swabs soaked in saline solution (NaCl 0.5 %) and later cultivated in agarized media. Samples from patients without pneumonia were randomized into: non-pneumonia control group (NP - C): microorganisms without intervention; non-pneumonia chlorhexidine group (NP - CLX): used 0.12% chlorhexidine; non-pneumonia group red PDT (NP - PDTV): used aPDT using 630 nm LED and phenothiazine photosensitizer; non-pneumonia blue PDT group (NP - PDTA): used the use of aPDT using 450 nm LED and annatto photosensitizer, both using a single application. And control pneumonia group (P - C): microorganisms without intervention; group with chlorhexidine pneumonia (P ¬ CLX): used 0.12% chlorhexidine; group with red PDT pneumonia (P - PDTV): used the use of PDT using 630 nm LED and phenothiazine photosensitizer; group with blue PDT pneumonia (P - PDTA): used the use of PDT using 450 nm LED and annatto photosensitizer. They were irradiated with the following parameters: red LED (λ630 ± 10ηm) or blue LED (λ450 ± 10ηm), both at 100 mW power and treated for 150, 300 or 600 seconds. After 24 hours, colony forming units (CFU) and antibiogram were counted. The results showed that the NP – CLX and P – CLX groups promoted total CFU reduction. The PDT groups in oral biofilm without and with pneumonia showed that the CFU reduction was dependent on the treatment time, being better at 600 seconds of treatment. Through the genetic code, Gram-negative microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive microorganisms such as Bhargavaea sp., Desemzia incerta, Kocuria rosea, Micrococcus sp. ,Micrococcus luteus, Agrococcus carbonis, Microbacterium paraoxydans, Corynebacterium sp., Dietzia aurantiaca, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.The antibiogram performed evaluated the multiple antimicrobial resistance index (IRMA) characterizing multiresistance to all. Conclusion: Despite being composed of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, aPDT showed potential for the treatment of oral biofilm in patients with and without pneumonia.
Avaliação da permeação e do efeito protetor UV de produtos capilares por Espectroscopia Raman Confocal
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Vazarin, Adaléia Regina Pontes Sant’ana; Martin, Airton Abrahão; Fávero, Priscila Pereira
The hair fiber suffers a lot of structural changes due to the chemical products exposition and the solar radiation, being the ultraviolet radiation (UV) the principal. The goal of this thesis is analyzed the photo protection and maintenance of the aminoacids concentrations in the hair fibers after the A and B compound suffer UV radiation, using the Raman Confocal electroscopy to measure. The Raman Confocal electroscopy inquires the biochemical and structural alterations of the fiber before and after the solar radiation exposition. In the project, the Raman River Diagnostics system was used the laser with 785 nm excitation and 21 mW of potency. The Raman range measured was between 400 - 1800 cm-1, besides that, the hair fiber was setted up in a 40x objective lens under a quartz window. 15 hair fibers for sample group were analyzed and 21 spectrums per fiber was collected, containing spectrum in the 1575 cm-1 zone. The homogeneity analysis of the virgin hair sample allowed the permeance evaluation in the samples irradiated and no irradiated with UV radiation. In the end, the compound A was more efficiency than the compound B. The efficiency variance of the samples due to the irradiation or the intrinsic features was possible to analysis too. The conclusion of the compound A and compound B analysis was necessary to describe the spectral alterations because of the UV radiation damages and the Raman Confocal electroscopy contributes in the comparation of the products A and products B efficiency.
Avaliação da resposta termal do recém-nascido pré-termo submetido à estimulação tátil e cinestésica no ambiente não termocontrolado
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Falcão, Laysa Monte Aguiar; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio; Lima, Andréa Conceição Gomes
Tactile and kinesthetic stimulation (TKS) is considered a low-cost, easy-to-apply, non invasive and non-pharmacological tool that assists in the care and evolution of premature newborns who need to remain hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). However, there are few studies that address the benefits of TKS outside a thermally controlled environment such as the NICU. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the thermal response of preterm newborns (PTNB) submitted to the application of TKS in a non-thermocontrolled environment. Experimental clinical research, cross-sectional, including PTNB's with gestational age between 32 and 36 weeks, hospitalized in rooming-in, minimum weight of 1,300g, clinical progression to hospital discharge and whose guardians’ accepted participation in the research. The non-inclusion criteria consisted of clinical situations that prevented or hindered the application of TKS. To collect information relevant to the research, analysis of medical records and data recorded in a form prepared by the researcher was used. The research consisted of two pilot protocols and a definitive protocol. In the definitive protocol, image capture was performed with the forehead as the region of interest, a standard distance of 80cm and TKS lasting 15 minutes with handling divided between 10 minutes of tactile stimulation and 5 minutes of kinesthetic stimulation. Room, frontal and axillary temperatures were measured before and after TKS application. The Brazelton Scale was used in order to analyze the behavior of neonates during the TKS. Sample of 86 PTNB's, 40 belonging to the definitive protocol and with percentages of 72.5% of late preterms and 92.5% of low weight. The ambient temperature was maintained with a non-significant variation of +_ 1°C. Axillary and frontal temperature also without significant variations in the comparison between before and after TKS. It is possible to apply TKS in PTNB's in a non-thermocontrolled environment. The handling and time protocol used in this research is suggested as safe.
Avaliação de diferentes concentrações de água ozonizada na desinfecção de canais radiculares contaminados: estudo in vitro
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Fernandes, Karina Gonzalez Camara; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Tim, Carla Roberta
In the clinical practice of dentistry, it is evident that despite technological advances, microbial agents are still the main responsible for endodontic failure. Mechanical chemical preparation, a technique used in endodontics, aims to remove necrotic tissue, microbial agents and their by-products from the root canal system. However, preparation is often not sufficient for satisfactory cleaning due to the anatomical complexity of the root canal system, which may lead to the permanence of microorganisms that may remain viable and active, interfering with the recovery process of periradicular tissues. In this way, it is necessary to search for ideal irrigating solutions that can provide better results in endodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare, in vitro, the effectiveness of different concentrations of ozonated water in the disinfection of root canals inoculated with Enterococcus Faecalis (E. Faecalis). We used 75 extracted human premolars, with a single canal, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP), approval number 26629619.9.0000.5494. The teeth were sectioned and contaminated with E. Faecalis and incubated for 21 days at 37°C. Initial collections were performed with absorbent paper cones to confirm contamination. subsequently, PQM mechanical chemical preparation was performed, using mechanical instrumentation with a WaveOne® Primary file and the samples were divided into 5 groups according to the irrigating solutions (n = 15): Saline Solution Group (SS): irrigating solution was saline; 2.5% sodium hypochlorite group (NaOCl): 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solution; Ozone Group 10 (O10): the irrigating solution of ozonized water at a concentration of 10 µg/mL; Ozone Group 20 (O20): irrigating solution of ozonized water at a concentrationof 20 µg/mL; Ozone Group 30 (O30): irrigating solution of ozonized water at a concentration of 30 µg/mL. After mechanical instrumentation and irrigation, a second collection was performed with a paper cone, so the variables analyzed were the collections before and after the PQM. The main results show that the ozonated water used as an irrigating solution in the mechanical chemical preparation was effective in reducing the number of CFU Colony Forming Units at all concentrations (O10, 17,48%O20, 18,87% and O30, 32,87%) and the highest percentage of reduction was observed at the concentration of 30 μg/mL. However, it was not possible to observe a higher reduction of CFU in the groups treated with ozonated water when compared to the irrigant NaOCl. In conclusion, the ozonated water used as an irrigating solution, with emphasis on the concentration of 30 μg/mL, promoted antimicrobial action against E. Faecalis, one of the main microorganisms responsible for critical complications in endodontics, and can be proposed as an adjuvant in endodontic treatments.
Avaliação de hidrogel fibroso no processo de reparação de lesão cirúrgica em modelo diabéticos em ratos
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Calland, Franciléia Nogueira Albino; Lobo, Anderson de Oliveira; Oliveira, Francilio de Carvalho
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a cure for infections, as treatment is limited, treatment of this disease, consequences they are poor wound healing, as treatment is limited, treatment of this disease. GelMA is a non-toxic and biodegradable photopolymerizable hydrogel being a degraded hydrolyzed collagen, one of the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), has been studied as an option in the treatment of wound healing. Objective: To produce a methacrylate base for diabetic foot skin modified with a methacrylate gelatin base for diabetic foot tissue skin. Materials and methods: Four types of hydrogels were tested in rats, previously defined in 5 groups of hydrogels, were defined in 5 control groups, G10% group, P1 group, PCM group, PGel group. Fibroblast counting was performed on slides stained with the HE method, from the injured areas on the 7th and 14th day, on the stained slides the number of fibroblasts was counted. The collection of Picrosirus Red (PSR) was used todetect the presence or not, as a scanning electron microscopy was used to provide information about the size, shape and arrangement of the particles. Results and discussion: Among the hydrogels tested on the 7th day of the protocol, the P12% and PCM groups obtained greater statistical significance in the number of fibroblasts found, compared to PGel and G10%, on the 14th day the hydrogel had a greater number of fibroblasts found for the PGel group. Fibroblasts are the main cells that do not present any healing process, so it is believed that dressings based on these cells can help in the treatment of wounds in patientswith DM. Conclusion: The group that performed better for PCL-modified/GEL based on the results presented the amount of fibroblasts, as well as the amount of collagen type III and type I, in this way, suggesting a beneficial effect in thematerial change for applications.
Avaliação de nódulos tireoidianos por Elastografia: comparação de suas características com a punção aspirativa por agulha fina de tireóide
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Bernardes, Antônio José de Macedo; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Pires, Ivan Luiz Pedroso
Introduction: Classically, thyroid nodules are initially evaluated by ultrasonography in Mode B. Despite being sensitive for the diagnosis of NT, it does not take into account the stiffness of the nodule, an important characteristic that is related to its malignancy. In this sense, elastography has been used as an instrument to assist in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. With this in mind, the aim of the present study is to qualitatively assess the performance of manual pressure elastography in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules in adults. Method: This is a prospective, observational study, which included patients who had thyroid nodules and required fine needle aspiration (FNAB). The elastography was obtained in real time from the US in Mode B. The percentage of the nodule's rigid area was calculated using the ImageJ software. Results: The study included 41 patients, 87.8% female. Age ranged from 18 to 75 years, with an average of 46.4 years (SD: 13.57). Most of the nodules were classified as TI-RADS 3, 53.7%. As for the Bethesda classification, 82.9% of the sample was classified as Bethesda 2 (benign nodule). The percentage of rigid area (% AR) ranged from 3% to 73%, with an average of 28.73% (SD: 18.15). Highly suspicious nodules from the TI-RADS classification had a higher AR% (51.6%). Regarding cytological analysis, nodules characterized as benign had an average AR% of 24.23% (SD: 13.66), while malignant ones of 55% (SD: 19.94), a difference of 30.77% , which proved to be statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The quantitative evaluation of Strain type elastography based on the% AR evaluation proved to be useful to discriminate between benign and malignant nodules and is presented as a tool that can complement the assessment of thyroid nodules.
Avaliação do Óleo Ozonizado e da Fotobiomodulação no tratamento nos efeitos locais provocados pelo veneno da serpente Bothrops Jararacussu - Evaluation of Ozonized Oil and Photobiomodulation in the treatment of local effects caused by snake venom Bothrops Jararacussu
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Fernandes, Jéssia Oliveira dos Santos; Cogo, José Carlos; Navarro, Ricardo Scarparo
The poisoning of the Bothrops jararacussu (jararacuçu) snake (B.jararacussu) causes local effects such as pain, swelling, inflammation, hemorrhage and myonecrosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ozonized sunflower oil (OZO) associated or not with photobiomodulation (FBM) in the local effects promoted by Bothrops jararacussu venom. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bothrops jararacussu venom was injected into the right gastrocnemius muscle (30 µg/50 µl NaCl 0.9%; i.m.) and the animals were euthanized 3 and 24 h later. The oil was ozonized using a corona generator (Ozone & Life® Model R&L1.5RM) and the FBM was used with the following parameters: Thera Laser, DMC®, red 685 nm, 4 J/cm2, 100 mW, 0.3 cm2, 1 .2 J, 12 s, spot. FBM was applied immediately after inoculation of the venom and OZO was also applied immediately after inoculation of the venom soaked in gauze for 15 minutes. In the control groups, the animals were injected with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) and treated with OZO or FBM. In the groups injected with the venom, the animals were treated with OZO and FBM applied separately or together. The animals were anesthetized, the muscles removed, rinsed with PBS (phosphate buffer solution), fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 3 to 24 h, processed by routine histology techniques and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The histological sections were analyzed under a light microscope and the cells counted and measured using the J imaging program. Necrotic and normal cells were evaluated, quantitative and morphometric analysis was performed, cellular edema was quantified by measuring the area and weight of the muscles and determined the levels of creatine kinase (CK) release. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that the venom promotes myonecrosis of muscle cells characterized by edema and rupture of muscle cells. It promotes intracellular edema and CK release due to disruption of cell membranes. Treatment with FBM and OZO, applied separately, protects the muscle from the action of venom toxins, decreasing intracellular edema and decreasing CK release. OZO applied alone provided better protection than FBM. The association of FBM with OZO did not promote a synergistic effect in this protection. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that due to the beneficial effects observed in these results, OZO can become an adjuvant treatment in poisoning. promoted by Bothrops jararacussu together with the antivenom, reducing the local harmful effects. This improvement is due to the therapeutic effects of OZO.
Avaliação do uso de sensor de contração muscular no treino sensório-motor em indivíduos com dor lombar persistente
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Bonfim, Rafael Victor Ferreira do; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Garcia, Lívia Assis
Low back pain is a chronic health problem, with a high socioeconomic impact, due to its high prevalence; it corresponds to any pain felt in the lower back. It is also an expensive health problem, both on personal and social level. The deficiency in the mechanical stability of the lumbar spine is known to decrease spinal muscle activation and could result in the occurrence of pain symptoms in the lower back. The stabilizing musculature is activated to protect the spine during body movements; however, its training could be carried out through specific exercises. Sensor technology could facilitate this task, being implemented, for example, in applications such as monitoring the effectiveness of home rehabilitation interventions in individuals with low back pain. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of stabilizer muscle training using a contraction sensor in individuals with nonspecific persistent low back pain, by assessing pain, balance, plantar pressure, muscle isometric resistance test and muscle ultrasound thickness. The sample consisted of 30 individuals with chronic low back pain, aged between 18 and 45 years. In the present horizontal, double-blind, study, in which each individual was evaluated before and after the intervention with 16 visits of 30 minutes each, performed on alternate days, using the muscle contraction sensor for the abdominal muscles. Numerical pain scale, baropodometry, stabilometry, Biering Sorensen muscle isometric resistance test and examination of the ultrasound thickness of the transverse abdomen were used for assessment. As a result of the research, a reduction in pain levels was observed, as well as an improvement in plantar distribution and balance. The resistance of the multifidus and the thickness of the transversus abdominis increased with training employing the contraction sensor. It is concluded that the portable system, developed with low cost, could help in the control of the stabilizing muscle contraction exercises, improving its contraction capacity and motor control and, consequently, improving balance and reducing low back pain, which could cause a major socioeconomic impact.
Avaliação dos níveis de ansiedade em estudantes universitários
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Meneses, Aline Martins Diolindo; Santos, Laurita dos; Amaral, Marcelo Magri
Introduction: University admission is considered an anxiety generating experience to students due to the educational method transition stage from High School to University. Anxiety is a psychopathology incident in University students in which the symptomatology affects the formal learning construction, generating psychological illness. Scientific studies show a higher incidence of anxiety disorders in the health field students compared to the general population, pointing out the need for IES’ to evaluate the students’ psychological conditions, offering support services. Goal: Assess the anxiety signs and symptoms and its correlation with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in University students. Methods: It is about an analytical and cross sectional study, conducted with 120 University students. The data was collectedthrough the following instruments: Sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire, BeckAnxiety Inventory (BAI) and saliva collection and salivary cortisol dosage. The researchwas approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Universidade Brasil, under the opinion number 3.732.897. Results: A total of 120 students were a part of the study,106 being female and 14 being male students. The average age was 26.4 years old (Median:23.00; Standard deviation: 9.174; Min: 18; Max: 55). Out of the students, 77.5% are single and 76.7% have no kids. For the use of BAI, 16.7% of students had minimal anxiety, 13.3% had mild anxiety, 16.6% moderate anxiety and 53.3% severe anxiety. Regarding the dosage of salivary cortisol in the collected samples, 89.2% of students were within standard limits (under 0.736 µg / dL); 7.8% of students had cortisolvalues above the reference values. Conclusion: The data collected in the studyrevealeda high occurrence of students with signs and symptoms of anxiety disorders.The results reinforce the need for IES’ to include actions to identify students in psychological distress in their practices, concomitant with the adoption of pedagogicalpractices that envision their mental health.
Avaliação e comparação de diferentes comprimentos de onda (660 e 808 nm) da terapia por fotobiomodulação a laser na atrofia muscular em modelo de imobilização em ratos
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Gonçalves, Silma Rodrigues; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Tim, Carla Roberta
Atrophy of skeletal striated muscle tissue is a complex process caused by an imbalance between the degradation and synthesis of myofibrillar proteins, leading to a reduction in muscle strength and the quality of life individuals. Considerable efforts have been devoted to establish new treatments for an effective and safe clinical for treatment of muscle atrophy. Among the available therapeutic resources, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has great potential, as it is often used as a promising therapeutic strategy for the rehabilitation of skeletal striated muscle tissue, however, there is no consensus on the best parameters in the treatment of muscle atrophy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo response of PBMT to laser at red and infrared wavelengths in muscle atrophy in an immobilization model in rats. 32 male Wistar rats were used, divided into 4 groups (n = 8): control group (C); Immobilized group (ImC); Immobilized group submitted to PBMT laser at red wavelength (ImR); Immobilized group submitted to laser PBMT at the infrared wavelength (ImIR). The left hind limb was immobilized in extension for 5 days. For laser PBMT, equipment was used (λ = 660 and 808 nm; P = 30 mW; t = 47 s; D = 50 J/cm²) applied at two points in the gastrocnemius muscle (cranial and caudal). Treatments started immediately after removal of the immobilization, with 24-hour intervals, totaling 9 sessions. To evaluate and compare the treatments, histological analysis were performed, as well as the profile area, cell density and ATPase histochemistry. Histological results showed fibers of varied shape, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and thickening of the connective tissue, reduced profile and increased density of muscle fibers in all immobilized animals. Furthermore, it was possible to verify a modulation of the inflammatory process and a lesser thickening of the intramuscular connective tissue in both ImR and ImIR groups, however, these results were more pronounced in the ImIR group, associated with morphological findings of regenerating fibers and an increase in the number of fibers oxidative (type I fibers). Thus, we can conclude that laser PBMT at both wavelengths were effective in changing the morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle subjected to atrophy in an experimental immobilization model, reducing the inflammatory infiltrate and the formation of intramuscular connective tissue. However, RI promoted a more evident positive effect by increasing regenerating muscle fibers and the number of oxidative fibers, which may be a promising resource in the clinical treatment of muscle atrophy.
Avaliação in vivo dos possíveis efeitos genotóxicos e antimicrobiano de scaffolds a base de poli (butileno adipato-co-tereftalato) /polipirrol com nanohidroxiapatita para regeneração óssea
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Elias, Conceição de Maria Vaz; Lobo, Anderson de Oliveira; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta
An increasingly frequent trend in tissue engineering research is the development of nanoscale nanofiber scaffolds. It is then proposed to manufacture polymeric scaffolds using electrospinning (PBAT 12%, PBAT 12% / PPy 1%), and homogeneous deposition of nHAp nanocomposites on the surface of the fibers using electrochemical electrodeposition (PBAT 12% / PPy 1 % / nHAp), for bone regeneration. The electrospinning process was carried out with 12 13 kV, 1.2 mm needle, 0.3 ml / h infusion pump and 10-12 cm distance from the counter electrode. Subsequently, nHAp was directly electrodeposited on PBAT / PPy scaffolds using a classic three-point device. The scaffolds were characterized by SEM / EDS scanning electron microscopy, FTIR by ATR, XRD, tests to evaluate possible in vivo genotoxicity effects (MN and Comet), and antibacterial activity. In XRD the size of the scaffold crystallite with deposited nHAp was 72.6 nm. In the MN test the experiment consisted of 05 animals (n = 5), with four groups: GI - PBAT / PPy / nHAp, GII-PBAT / PPy, Positive control - Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 50mg / kg intraperitoneally and the Control negative - distilled water. Blood was collected from the tail of rats for the comet test. In the micronucleus test, bone marrow cells were collected from the rat femur, showing that the scaffold did not induce DNA damage and genotoxicity in the cells. In antimicrobial tests, scaffolds are 99.8% effective in antibacterial activity (bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In conclusion, scaffolds have no genotoxic effect, and this new biomaterial presents great potential for possible use in vivo and in bone repair.
Características epidemiológicas e moleculares da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes no Estado do Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Lima Verde, Roseane Mara Cardoso; Pavinatto, Adriana; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins da
It is estimated that, since its discovery in 1981 until the end of 2018, 74.9 million people have been infected with HIV and that 32 million people have died of AIDS-related illnesses since the beginning of the pandemic. Regardind infection in children (up to 13 years old), 84% of cases are due to vertical transmission. In this context, the present study aimed to identify the main epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women attended at a reference maternity hospital in Piauí, northeastern Brazil. This is a prospective study with the participation of 873 pregnant women attended at Maternidade Dona Evangelina Rosa (MDER), carried out between January 2016 and December 2017. For this purpose, samples were collected, epidemiological information and the diagnosis of HIV infection, carried out through anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies tests (Immunoblot HIV-1/2). In addition, syphilis diagnosis (VDRL and Rapid Treponemic Test), LTCD4 count (Flow Cytometry) and Viral Load (PCR-Real Time) counts were performed. Phylogenetic analysis allowed the comparison with other strains in the literature and the presence of resistance mutations. The data were analyzed using the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 (SPSS). For comparative analysis, the chi-square test (2) was used, with a significance level 5% (p <0.05). Of the total participants, 17 samples tested positive for HIV and were genotyped to determine the subtypes. The prevalence of pregnant women with HIV was 1.95%, characterized as housewives, aged 12 to 35 years, heterosexual, with a partner, elementary school, residents of an urban area, own home, and family income of one to two minimum wages. It was found that 41.2% of pregnant womwn had between 0 and 6 consultations; 76% were in the 3rd trimester; 54.3% of deliveries were cesarean; 44.6% were primiparous and that 72.5% of newborns were over 2.5 kg. No statistical significance was observed in the correlations between the HIV-1 viral load and LTCD4 count parameters with the observed behavioral parameters. All HIV-1 seropositive samples were classified as subtype B (100%). DRM were detected for two samples, the PW 300 and PW 815 sequences. In the PW 300 sequence, the L90M mutation was found, while in the PW 815 sequence, L90M and K103N mutations were detected. L90M is a HIV-1 protease inhibitors (IP) resistance mutation classified as highly resistance to the drug nelfinavir and intermediate resistance to indinavir and saquinavir; the K103N mutation is associated with non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (INNTR) and classified as highly resistant to nelfinavir and nevirapine. In the end, an flowchart for monitoring the health of pregnant women was developed to guide care and comprehensive care for HIV positive pregnant women in the State of Piauí. It is concluded that, in order to reduce the risk factors of the mother-child binomial and vertical HIV transmission, early diagnosis, quantification of viral load, genotyping and a correct decision in choosing the therapeutic scheme are of fundamental importance, thus avoiding the appearance of resistance strains.
Caracterização cardíaca em serpentes da espécie Pantherophis Guttatus usando variabilidade da frequência cardíaca
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Silva Neto, Antonio Gomes da; Cogo, José Carlos; Santos, Laurita dos
The use of electrocardiogram in reptiles can be an tool to monitor cardiac function in reptiles, however this technique is not broadly used, due to a limited understanding of its interpretation. This study analyzed the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Pantherophis guttatus snakes; animals that are endemic to the United States but distributed globally as a pet. Several cardiac diseases have been described for reptiles, however, for the studied snakes, these diseases are rarely diagnostic and in most cases the information is only based on the postmortem analysis. The use of linear HRV methods can contribute to the understanding of cardiac physiology, providing information for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart disease in snakes. Twenty-one snakes were used for the study (female=8, male=13) the snakes were not sedated. HRV parameters were made based on electrocardiographic records (ECG) and the RR intervals record were analyzed by non-linear methods, in the time and frequency domains. Significant differences were observed in the RR intervals for female and male snakes, varying by 18.8% and 15.3%, frequency. For the frequency of domain, the values varied between high and low. The changes observed in the time domain can be explained for the control of the autonomic nervous system by the action of the parasympathetic system, which is confirmed by the variations in the frequency domain. Even though significant differences were observed for cardiological variables between males and females, there is no way to infer the existence of pathological processes in any of the groups of snakes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the values established for SD1 and SD2, as well as the values of the frequency domain, with emphasis on the LF widely used in study in other species, were used to evaluate the cardiac function in Pantherophis.guttatus snakes.
Caracterização de óleo de girassol ozonizado em diferentes tempos usando Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Uebele, Daniela; Santos, Laurita dos; Pessoa, Rodrigo Sávio
The estimated number of patients in Brazil and abroad, emphasizes the need for better monitoring and treatment of skin lesions, caused by numerous health problems, in addition to worsening by viral infections, bacteria, fungi and protozoa - the prospect is of increasing cases in developing and underdeveloped countries. This is due to the inefficient treatments offered by hospitals, with an emphasis on public hospitals. These are more than enough reasons to invest time in the analysis of an affordable therapeutic treatment compared to the current ones - such as the use of "ozone therapy". This is recognized and used on 5 continents and is even encouraged and sponsored by the governments and health plans of many countries. One of the safest ways of using ozone in treatments is through the by-products generated in the ozonolysis of vegetable oils, which can act on the skin, leading to the disinfection process, by cell lysis. In this work, the choice was for sunflower oil due to its physicochemical characteristics. The objective is to analyze the chemical structure of ozonized sunflower oil at different times over 90 minutes, without using the temperature control of the ozonolysis reactor. For that, the process of analysis by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. 9 spectra were collected and analyzed by the deconvolution process, in comparison to the main bands observed by the second derivative. The results show that there was an increase in oil temperature (around 10ºC) during ozonation up to 30min. Three regions of the obtained spectra were analyzed: 3050-2800cm-1 , 1130-1070cm-1 and 1800-800cm-1 . Statistical results show a significant difference between spectral signals, with observance after the time of 20min of the sunflower oil ozonation process, with emphasis on the 1800–1500cm 1 region, which demonstrates the rupture of the double carbon bonds (C=C), breaking the lipid chain, and increasing the CO2 chain and thus reducing HC=CH, observed in the analysis of the spectra. There was a reduction in the intensity of the -CH band of the stretching of the -C=CH fragment above the 3000cm-1 region, an increase in the CH stretching bands of the CH3 groups, a reduction in the intensity of the -C=C- binding stretch and constant intensity of the band stretch -C, and all changes detected by FTIR are in accordance with the Criegee mechanisms. With these observations it can be reiterated how useful FTIR spectroscopy is for the analysis of changes in compounds. Following the studies with the support of collaborators, initial tests of the application of the samples of the ozonized sunflower oil were carried out, extending up to 120 minutes, in cutaneous lesions in ex-vivo in an animal model, using the same analysis process, observing whether there were changes between the spectra. In the statistical analysis, these changes are subtle, not enough to obtain results. For this, it is necessary to analyze in a wider region of the spectrum. It was not possible to obtain evidence of its benefits in the healing process. In need of in-depth studies, considering other factors relevant to the study.
Caracterização e testes clínicos de dermocosmético antimicrobiano para coberturas de feridas cutâneas de difícil reparo
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Serra, Thallita Karollaine de Queiroz Pereira; Tim, Carla Roberta; Santos, Laurita dos
This study aimed to characterize an ozonized dermocosmetic and verify in clinical trials its antimicrobial and repairing potential in difficult-to-repair skin wounds. For the production of dermocosmetic, sunflower oil was used. The acid number, peroxide number, and iodine number were analyzed using The American Oil Chemists' Society method. The clinical test was developed with patients with difficult-to-repair wounds and approved by the ethics and research committee (nº 4, 246, 236). Then the patients were randomly allocated into Group 1, treatment with ozonized dermocosmetics, and Group 2, treatment with conventional dressing. Treatments were performed three times a week for 12 weeks. The characterization results showed that the dermocosmetic had an acid index of 17.68± 0.03 mg KOH/g, an iodine index of 86 ± 1 Cgl/g, and a peroxide index of 266.52 meq/kg. In the macroscopic evaluation after 12 weeks, an improvement in the appearance of the lesions was observed, such as an increase in granulation tissue, absence of odor, and a decrease in slough and presence of liquids. There was also complete repair in some injuries, so this group showed stimulation of the repair process with a reduction of 67 to 100% in the area of injury. Initially, 38 bacteria from 13 different species were identified in both groups. The bacteria were classified according to Gram staining. Thus, Gram-negative corresponds to 76.31%, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most diagnosed. Gram-positives represent 23.69%, with Enterococcus faecalis being the most common. The identified microorganisms were evaluated using the antibiogram, divided into sensitive and resistant. Furthermore, it was observed that the use of the ozonized dermocosmetic promoted an antibacterial effect on the lesions of 13 patients. The ozonated dermocosmetic group had a higher frequency of patients without pain after treatment. However, in the conventional dressing group, after 12 weeks, there was a small change in the wounds without significant improvement. Only one patient showed the absence of microorganisms after the treatment period. Furthermore, 37.50% of the patients in the conventional dressing group had an increase in the lesion area, and the pain level was considered moderate. It is concluded that the dermocosmetic group promoted an antimicrobial effect and thus stimulated the repair process of cutaneous wounds.