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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Membranas eletrofiadas a partir de poliácido láctico e mesocarpo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): produção, caracterização e potencial antimicrobiano(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Furtado, Dênis Rômulo Leite; Costa, Adriana Pavinatto da; Rodrigues, Bruno Vinícius ManzolliMedicinal plants have always been widely used as a preventive or curative form for diseases. Among them, we can mention buriti, a fruit widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of dermatological diseases, wound healing and as an antimicrobial agent. After the emergence of nanotechnology, the development of biomaterials that associate different materials, including medicinal plants, has been growing a lot. Among the nanostructuring techniques used, electrospinning stands out for producing membranes at nanometer scales with interesting properties for biomedical applications. In this context, the objective of this work was to produce, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of electrospun membranes formed from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and buriti mesocarp (Mauritia flexuosa) (MESOBU). The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle measurements. Antimicrobial evaluation (in vitro), was performed using bacterial Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Echerichia coli, as well as Candida albicans fungus, using disk diffusion and microdilution methods.The data obtained were analyzed in a statistical program Graphpad Prism software, version 8.0.1, considering a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). SEM images demonstrated the formation of homogeneous fibers, randomly organized and without the presence of defects. The FTIR spectra showed the main vibrational bands for chemical groups forming PLA, and hydrophilicity measurements show that the formed membranes have hydrophobic characteristics. In the disk diffusion and microdilution test, the PLAMESOBU 1% membrane showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms; the PLAMESOBU 0.5% membrane only showed antimicrobial activity in the microdilution test. In view of the observed results, PLAMESOBU membranes showed a promising potential for use as a biomaterial.Item Ozonioterapia: regulamentação jurídica(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Paez, Thalita Toffoli; Tim, Carla Roberta; Santos, Laurita dosThe present work aims to address the use of ozone therapy for treatment in humans, combined with the need to provide specific and complete legal guidelines. Ozone is a highly toxic gas, but it has an important antioxidant, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory characteristic and helps in the repair process. For this reason, the artificial production of this gas was started, for its therapeutic use, whose technique is called ozonotherapy. However, it is questioned whether the technique is a safe and effective treatment, since application in inadequate doses or routes of application can bring serious results to the patient. Currently, when the chosen route is auto-hemotherapy, it is possible that it is administered in a judicious and personal way, making the analysis of the individual's biomarkers and their tolerance to ozone, given the fact that the levels of gas tolerance are different in each subject. It turns out that, there is no specific legislation that ensures which professionals can prescribe and use ozone therapy, having several class councils already positioned themselves favorably. In 2018, the Ministry of Health incorporated ozone therapy as an integrative and complementary practice of the Unified Health System, provided it is applied in precise therapeutic doses, without, however, establishing criteria for the definition of the dose to be applied. Health is a social right that must be safeguarded in order to preserve a healthy and dignified life, which is why any health treatment can only be prescribed and carried out under appropriate conditions of safety and inspection, supported by scientific research and its own legislation. It is necessary to have specific and complete legislation on the subject, able to bring parameters and application protocols, in order to provide guarantees to professionals and patients who intend to treat. Thus, a research of the literature was carried out on electronic bases in the health and legal areas, there was no restriction on languages or publication data. Several articles were found, eliminating a duplication of titles and after reading abstracts, selected those that best fit the theme of this work. In a next step, perform a complete reading of all articles and the theoretical framework of this thesis was created. After reading and selecting the few and incomplete regulations on ozone therapy, he made a published work, which is a proposal for a complete review of the legislative content on ozone therapy. The proposed regulation brings the main parameters for the application of the technique, as well as the contraindicated routes, training of the professional who will manage the therapy, the qualified professionals, cautionary exams when due to auto-hemotherapy, care and responsibilities. In this sense, the present proposal of legislative content, was delivered to members of the Legislative Power, so that, observing the constitutional requirements, it can be used as a basis for the project, and eventually a future law, which will contain adequate and complete content regarding the theme.Item Utilização de quitosana e piperina na alimentação de animais: análise da eficácia no reparo de lesões cutâneas em ratos(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Carvalho, Conceição de Maria Aguiar; Costa, Adriana Pavinatto da; Tim, Carla RobertaThe skin, known as the largest organ in the human body, stands out for its unique role in maintaining the integrity of the organism. Disruptions in the epithelial layers are called skin lesions or wounds. Wound repair consists of a mechanism consisting of the phases of hemostasis and inflammation, proliferation and remodeling, starting immediately after the injury occurs. The need for efficient therapy to care for a population affected by injuries is a growing challenge that demands innovative, efficient and affordable strategies. In this scenario, the present study aims to the evaluation of the association of the antimicrobial and reparative action of Chitosan (Chi) with the anti-inflammatory action of Piperine (PIP) in the process of repairing skin lesions. To this end, lyophilized microparticles of Chi and PIP were produced and characterized for subsequent administration to animals with lesions induced via gavage. After freeze-drying, 2.4g of QUI and 2.7g of Chi/PIP were obtained. The spectra obtained through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed vibration bands characteristic of the chemical groups that form the material and corroborate the literature. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the powdered samples showed particles with relatively rough surfaces, while the freeze-dried samples presented thinner surfaces with greater surface area. Both materials do not present a thermal degradation process at temperatures below 60ºC, indicating that they remain active (not degraded) when subjected to animal body temperature. The qualitative analysis of the lesions, obtained from in vivo results, revealed no signs of necrosis, odor or liquid in the lesion cavity, nor did it indicate the presence of fibrosis. The morphometric analysis of the wound repair index showed no statistically significant difference between the experimental groups in all periods studied. Likewise, through histological analysis of the injured tissue, it was not possible to observe significant changes between the experimental groups.Item Desenvolvimento de software para análise e simulação de ensaio de tração aplicado na Engenharia Biomédica(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Broggio, João Roberto; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins daThe physical and chemical properties of materials in addition to biological requirements are of fundamental importance in the development of materials with biomedical application, the physical characteristics are obtained mainly by tensile tests, whereas the shape of an implant can be simulated in commercial software, which use these physical characteristics of the materials as parameters to run the simulation algorithm. As normally the shape and dimensions are fixed and with peculiar characteristics, the selection of the material family is limited, and even within the family the materials can be under or over dimensioned. To solve this problem, the application will enable the designer to simulate the project by calculating a characteristic virtual material within the limits of the control variable, using as basis the physical tests of the under and over dimensioned materials. The objective of this thesis is to develop virtual mechanical tests as an aid in the development of biomedical materials, based on results of physical tensile tests, the application can simulate a mechanical test. Nine physical tensile tests were performed in an Emic machine for each of the control variables (Speed and Diameter), which were subdivided into three groups, at speeds of 7, 15 and 22 mm/min on 304 stainless steel, and diameters of 10, 11 and 12 mm on SAE 1020 steel. In the comparison performed between the virtual materials at 15 mm/min and 11 mm diameter, the application proved to be efficient with error lower than 3% when the results were compared to the physical test on a universal machine and the virtual test on commercial software. The developed application besides graphically locating the points of interest on stress/strain curves also produces mathematically a virtual biomaterial, passive of simulation in commercial software with shapes and dimensions of an implant or biocomponent.Item Estudo da composição bioquímica de unhas para o diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus por Espectroscopia Raman(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Veras, Juscélia Maria de Moura Feitosa; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Martin, Airton AbrahãoThe growth of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a public health problem with greater prevalence in developing countries. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in people aged 20-79 years has increased from 151 million to 463 million today, with a total forecast of 700 million diabetics by 2045. Hence the importance of an early, non invasive, practical and low-cost diagnosis for DM detection and monitoring. Type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) gradually changes the intrinsic material properties of tissues and their structural integrity, and prolonged hyperglycemia can cause chronic damage to the quality of these tissues. No technique is available to clinically assess altered tissue quality in diabetic patients. However, recent studies suggest that the quality of the nail plate has great potential to assess the secondary complications of DM. Thus, this study aimed to determine the biochemical characteristics of nails of individuals with DM2 through confocal Raman spectroscopy, in addition to identifying the spectral signatures and new DM2 markers in nails. This study is a multicenter clinical study (Universidade Brasil - SP and Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Teresina/PI), comparative, randomized and instrumental with a qualitative approach. For the research, 30 healthy volunteers and 30 DM2 were selected. The collection and evaluation of fragments in the distal region of the nail was carried out. The results obtained demonstrated alterations in different biochemical components, such as: proteins, lipids, amino acids, advanced glycation end products, in addition to alterations in the disulfide bridges, which are important in the stabilization of keratin in the nails. Therefore, due to the possibility of acquiring such information through the evaluation of nails, a simple and easy-to-acquire material, this becomes an important material for analysis, allowing DM and its complications to be detected quickly. In addition, the study also demonstrated that the assessment of nails by confocal Raman spectroscopy is an important technique, which, together with the assessment of nails, can become an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic patients.Item Desenvolvimento de biossensor eletroquímico para detecção de lactato(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Torres, Samuel Guerra; Costa, Adriana Pavinatto da; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins daThe development of new sensory platforms is of great interest to the field of biosensors, especially those with low cost and high reproducibility characteristics. In this context, the present study aimed at the production and characterization of a biosensor platform composed of films produced by the physical adsorption self assembly technique (Layer-by-Layer - LbL) using chitosan and AuNps@PTS (gold nanoparticles stabilized with PTS polymer – a sulphonated polythiophene derivative). Subsequently, the platform formed was used for immobilization of the enzyme lactate oxidase (LOx) and detection of lactate. The films were formed in different numbers of bilayers and characterized by spectroscopic measurements of ultraviolet absorption (UV-Vis) and fluorescence, and electrochemical measurements. The LOx enzyme was immobilized on two LbL film bilayers through dripping and subsequent cross linking performed with the addition of glutaraldehyde. The detection of lactate was performed through cyclic voltammetry (VC) measurements on standard samples. The results show that film growth was relatively homogeneous, and until the fourth bilayer the absorption intensity increased linearly with the number of bilayers. CV measurements showed that the electrode modified with two film bilayers allows greater charge transfer, being the platform chosen for immobilization of the LOx enxima and detection of lactic acid. Voltammograms showed that the presence of the LOx enzyme hinders charge transfer and that its immobilization was effective. Detection measurements show that the developed platform is suitable for detecting lactate, and the analytical signal presented a linear regime between the increase in the anodic current magnitude and the increase in the lactate concentration, in the range of 0.5 to 30 mM of lactate. The platform used was able to detect human sweat lactate at different times and intensities of physical exercise, with detection limits close to those found in the literature.Item Composição química e atividade antimicrobiana de óleos vegetais in natura e ozonizados em Acinetobacter baumannii(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Silva, Wagner Rafael da; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésThe study of infection control mechanisms caused by bacteria is a topic of interest to different professionals involved in the hospital environment. This work aimed to investigate the use of vegetable oils as an alternative treatment in the control of these infections. The bactericidal effect of canola, coconut and palm oil, in natura and ozonized oils, was evaluated under Acinetobacter baumannii, a species of bacteria that stands out as an important opportunistic pathogen and is responsible for infections related to the care of health. All the tested oil samples were characterized by the techniques of gas chromatography, I2 and peroxides index, the most altered characteristic under the effect of the ozonation process, passing from undetectable in the samples of in natura oils to the fractions 125,7 ± 0,2; 422,4 ± 0,2 and 434,8 ± 0,2 meq/Kg of Na2S2O3 for canola oil, coconut and ozonized palm oil. The reduction of microbial load in A. baumannii strains was 93,5, 71,6 and 85,9% for canola, coconut and in natura palm oils, respectively, and 96,2, 93,8 and 91,0% for the oils of canola, coconut and ozonized palm oil, respectively. In addition, the efficiency in the inhibition time of A. baumanni showed that ozonized oils present immediate bactericidal action, where their bacterial count in 10 min equates to the results of in natura oils after 30 min of incubation. These results revealed that the oils tested can be used in the control of bacterial infections and the ozonization of these oils potentiates the bactericidal action. The results showed, however, that the comparison between the microbial counts of in natura and ozonized oils did not point significant differences, since all the resulting p-values were higher than the level of significance adopted for the comparative test. A similar result was found in the comparison among ozonized oils in terms of microbial count, that is, there were no significant differences among microorganism counts when the different types of ozonized oils were compared.Item Efeitos da indução de estresse mental na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em atletas de Badminton(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Carvalho, Jane Maria Silva; Navarro, Ricardo ScarparoThe objective of the study was to analyze the effects of mental stress induction on heart rate variability in Badminton athletes. The study is direct, descriptive, experimental, cross-sectional and quantitative, carried out with the 15 highest ranked in the State of Piauí, by the Brazilian Confederation of Badminton, in January 2019. The sample consisted of 8 women and 7 men, with the average age of 19 years-old (+2.85), where the majority belonged to the main category (53.33%), participated in international competitions (66.66%) in all modalities (80%). The athletes were submitted to a previous anamnesis, measurement of blood pressure (BP), evaluation of HRV and Computerized Stroop Test. The procedures started with the placement of the Polar® H10 transmitter for the evaluation of the HRV in the participants, who went through a 5 min adaptation moment, when their BP was measured. After another 5 minutes of rest and BP measurement again, the Stroop Test of TESTIPACS® was then applied and the HRV evaluation was completed. For the analysis of HRV, the intervals were fragmented into 1 min, so that possible changes in the signals could be observed and only the resting moment and application of the Stroop Test were considered. All procedures were approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Centro Universitário Uninovafapi (PI) (#3147702). It can be observed that the stressful stimulus promoted an increase in the mean HR and a decrease in the mean of the RR intervals, which suggests a physiological response that reflects the activation of the cardiac autonomic function, also perceived in the reduction of the SDNN, RMSSD, NN50 and pNN50 components. The high stress index during the time of application of the Stroop Test corroborates the values of the increased SNS index. The components of the frequency domain showed an increase in LF and LF/HF and maintenance of HF, while in the results of the Poincaré graph, the values of SD1 and SD2 reduced and the SD2/SD1 ratio increased. In the correlation analyses, it is possible to notice that the performance regarding the reaction time of the Stroop test is directly proportional to the components RMSSD, NN50, pNN50 and to the PNS index, while the stress index is inversely proportional. The other components did not show statistical significance. It is possible to verify that the Stroop Test was able to generate physiological changes with important responses in HRV, but further studies are needed on the stressful effect on athletes, as they are frequently subjected to both physical and mental stress, and that this frequency can lead to long-term cardiac overload.Item Efeitos da fotobiomodulação associada ou não ao Biopolímero de Fibrina Heterólogo no processo de reparo tecidual de lesões cutâneas de ratos diabéticos(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Alexandria, Francisco Eugênio Deusdará de; Tim, Carla Roberta; Assis, LíviaItem Diagnóstico clínico automatizado a partir do uso de métodos de análise multivariada aplicados a sinais de eletrocardiograma(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Zena, Antonio Chavez; Mendes, Thiago de Oliveira; Santos, Laurita dosThis work presents a study of methods applied to pattern recognition of heart rate variability parameters obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) for the aid of automated clinical diagnosis of various diseases associated with the heart, using multivariate statistical methods and computational machine learning. For this purpose, the electrocardiograms signs of 137 volunteers clinically diagnosed with normal sinus rhythm (NSR), with n = 54 individuals, which will represent the control group, and two clinical conditions formed by individuals with congestive heart failure (CHF), with n = 29 individuals or suppression of cardiac arrhythmia (CAST), with n = 54 individuals, considering these two clinical conditions, such as the case groups. All these signals were obtained from the PhysioNet, which covers a set of real biomedical signals, open source software and from studies consolidated in the literature. A procedure for obtaining characteristic variables of ECG tachograms was described, these variables were modeled by classification approaches of Discriminant Analysis data by Partial Least Squares regression (PLS-DA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), aiming at the diagnosis of two clinical conditions when compared with a control group. Data matrices of variables associated with the time domain, frequency domain and obtained by non-linear methods were considered separately, each one, and all of these in a single data matrix, of statistical parameters associated with heart rate variability. The figures of merit showed that there is a pattern in the behavior of the tachogram parameters that may be used for clinical diagnostic aid. Both congestive heart failure and the classification and prediction of samples belonging to the cardiac arrhythmia suppression were satisfactorily obtained, with an area under the ROC curve close to 0.9. The PLS-DA model demonstrated the best data classification results, where congestive heart failure was diagnosed with rates of 90.9% of sensitivity and selectivity of 85.7% and suppression of cardiac arrhythmia was predicted with rates of 75.0% of sensitivity and 100.0 % of selectivity, suggesting that clinical diagnosis assisting real time and a personalized prognosis can become a reality that will contribute positively to medical practice.