Doutorado

URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/914

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 69

Sensores eletroquímicos a base de policaprolactona/óxido de grafeno a partir de fontes de matéria-prima biodegradáveis
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Furquim, Fabiana Cristina; Rodrigues, Bruno Vinícius Manzolli; Costa, Adriana Pavinatto da
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) represent a class of harmful substances for living organisms due to its ability to disrupting the human and animal endocrine hormonal system. Among several EDCs, a xenobiotic known as Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2-diphenylpropane) has become a crucial public health problem in the last few years. BPA is an organic compound that has been widely used in plastic food packaging, children's toys and even medical materials, and it has been now considered an emerging pollutant capable of causing damage to living organisms, especially in the endocrine system, even at low concentrations (1 pM). In this context, aiming at the detection and quantification of BPA, different methods have been proposed in the last years focusing on simple and reliable strategies. In the last decade, the use of electrospinning technique for the design of sensors/sensory platforms has stood out due to the possibility of producing ultrathin polymeric fiber networks (100 nm < diameter < 1000 nm) and nanofibers (diameter < 100 nm) in a relatively simple and versatile way. The generation of polymeric fibers in these dimensions has a huge influence on the sensitivity of the final devices, due to the improvement of the interconnectivity and increase of the surface area. In addition, electrospinning technique allows the incorporation of chemically functional compounds to the fibers, such as graphene and its derivatives, which may expand and/or maximize the properties of the final materials. Thus, the present work approached the development of a nanostructured electrochemical sensor for the detection of Bisphenol A, based on a sustainable and low-cost route. The design of this sensory platform was based on the electrospinning of a low cost and biodegradable polyester, name polycaprolactone (PCL), with the combination of this material with graphene derivatives (graphene oxide - GO and graphene quantum dots - GQDs) obtained from the complete or incomplete carbonization of citric acid. The incorporation of these derivatives was considered in two ways: i) direct addition to the polymeric solution, before electrospinning process; ii) adsorption of the derivatives directly to the surface of electrospun PCL membranes. Among the tested platforms, the nanomaterials produced from PCL (5 min of electrospinning) on a glass substrate coated with tin oxide and doped with fluorine (FTO), using a voltage of 10kV, and swollen in GO solution for 3 h [adsorption process, ii)], presented higher current intensity, verified by cyclic voltammetry analyzes. Therefore, this platform was chosen for further testing aiming at BPA detection. The sensors revealed a high sensitivity for BPA with a very low detection limit of approximately 23 nM. In addition, the sensors showed good reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.9%, while the sensor's response to 2 µM BPA was 5.7% for seven successive measurements. These results open up a window of applications for this nanostructured material, due to the easy combination of a biodegradable polyester with GO obtained through a sustainable and low-cost process.
Aplicações de modelos computacionais de análise de dados biomédicos em plataformas de dispositivos móveis
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Sousa, José Vigno Moura; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins da
This work develops CNNPulmona and CNNCardio, implementations of computational models for optimization of analysis of biomedical data from chest radiography (CXR) and electrocardiogram (ECG), respectively, deployable in mobile device platforms, in addition to a comparison of several methods of signal compression. CNNPulmona is an approach for classifying chest Xray images into three classes: bacterial pneumo nia, viral pneumonia (Covid19 or other type) and healthy lung. Convolutional Neural Networks are used, based on pretrained networks in conjunction with a quantization process, by means of the TensorFlow Lite platform method, thereby reducing the com putational cost. The cascade classification method is used, which makes it possible to divide the classifications into different stages; thus, it was possible to obtain 99.16% ac curacy in the classification of images with suspicion of Covid19. The resulting mobile application program also features a simple and intuitive user interface. In CNNCardio, a new method to classify electrocardiogram signals on mobile devices is proposed, which can classify different arrhythmias according to the EC57 standard of the Asso ciation for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. A convolutional neural net work was built, trained and validated with the MITBIH arrhythmia dataset, in which this database has 5 different classes: normal beat, premature supraventricular beat, pre mature ventricular contraction, ventricular beat fusion, normal and unclassifiable beat. After being trained and validated, the model is submitted to a posttraining quantization stage using the TensorFlow Lite conversion method.The results obtained were very sat isfactory, before and after quantization; the convolutional neural network obtained an accuracy of 99%. With the quantization technique, it was possible to obtain a significant reduction in the size of the model, thus enabling the development of the mobile applica tion; this reduction was approximately 90% in relation to the size of the original model. Additionally, the behavior of different signals was compared, when applied to different compression techniques, in order to test and find the best compression techniques for distinct types of biomedical signals, also proving that different types of biomedical sig nals behave distinctly in different types compression of biomedical signals, the results of this comparison of signal compression methods were very satisfactory, demonstrating that different types of compression can be used on signals for better results.
Dor femoropatelar: desequilíbrio e sobrecarga
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Albuquerque, Carlos Eduardo de; Nunez, Silvia Cristina
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a multifactorial pathology difficulty to diagnose. Predominant in women at productive phase, PFP reduces physical performance, affects quality of life and psychosocial health of individuals with this condition. PFP has an insidious onset and remains delicately disturbing at all times in the individual. This paper aims to identify factors associated with PFP in women; and demonstrate the action of overload on the control of knee joint movement in the presence of PFD. To develop the proposal of this study are presented 3 articles and 1 mobile application. The articles discuss the lateral stabilization of the patella, performed by the iliotibial tract and the change in muscle activity caused by overload. The iliotibial tract is more than 60% thickened in the PFD group. Mechanical overload on the knee joint with PFD changed the relationship of muscular balance in the frontal plane of movement (between the vastus lateralis and medialis muscles) with increased activation of the vastus lateralis muscle. The mobile aplication to aid on PFP diagnosis provided an overview of the biopsychosocial status of the individual assessed according to function, quality of life, kinesiophobia and physical activity index questionnaire. PFP presents itself as a complex condition, compromising several systems and with poor diagnosis. This work contributed to the construction of tools to assist the diagnosis of PFP.
Características epidemiológicas e moleculares da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes no Estado do Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Lima Verde, Roseane Mara Cardoso; Pavinatto, Adriana; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins da
It is estimated that, since its discovery in 1981 until the end of 2018, 74.9 million people have been infected with HIV and that 32 million people have died of AIDS-related illnesses since the beginning of the pandemic. Regardind infection in children (up to 13 years old), 84% of cases are due to vertical transmission. In this context, the present study aimed to identify the main epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women attended at a reference maternity hospital in Piauí, northeastern Brazil. This is a prospective study with the participation of 873 pregnant women attended at Maternidade Dona Evangelina Rosa (MDER), carried out between January 2016 and December 2017. For this purpose, samples were collected, epidemiological information and the diagnosis of HIV infection, carried out through anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies tests (Immunoblot HIV-1/2). In addition, syphilis diagnosis (VDRL and Rapid Treponemic Test), LTCD4 count (Flow Cytometry) and Viral Load (PCR-Real Time) counts were performed. Phylogenetic analysis allowed the comparison with other strains in the literature and the presence of resistance mutations. The data were analyzed using the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 (SPSS). For comparative analysis, the chi-square test (2) was used, with a significance level 5% (p <0.05). Of the total participants, 17 samples tested positive for HIV and were genotyped to determine the subtypes. The prevalence of pregnant women with HIV was 1.95%, characterized as housewives, aged 12 to 35 years, heterosexual, with a partner, elementary school, residents of an urban area, own home, and family income of one to two minimum wages. It was found that 41.2% of pregnant womwn had between 0 and 6 consultations; 76% were in the 3rd trimester; 54.3% of deliveries were cesarean; 44.6% were primiparous and that 72.5% of newborns were over 2.5 kg. No statistical significance was observed in the correlations between the HIV-1 viral load and LTCD4 count parameters with the observed behavioral parameters. All HIV-1 seropositive samples were classified as subtype B (100%). DRM were detected for two samples, the PW 300 and PW 815 sequences. In the PW 300 sequence, the L90M mutation was found, while in the PW 815 sequence, L90M and K103N mutations were detected. L90M is a HIV-1 protease inhibitors (IP) resistance mutation classified as highly resistance to the drug nelfinavir and intermediate resistance to indinavir and saquinavir; the K103N mutation is associated with non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (INNTR) and classified as highly resistant to nelfinavir and nevirapine. In the end, an flowchart for monitoring the health of pregnant women was developed to guide care and comprehensive care for HIV positive pregnant women in the State of Piauí. It is concluded that, in order to reduce the risk factors of the mother-child binomial and vertical HIV transmission, early diagnosis, quantification of viral load, genotyping and a correct decision in choosing the therapeutic scheme are of fundamental importance, thus avoiding the appearance of resistance strains.
Diagnóstico clínico automatizado a partir do uso de métodos de análise multivariada aplicados a sinais de eletrocardiograma
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Zena, Antonio Chavez; Mendes, Thiago de Oliveira; Santos, Laurita dos
This work presents a study of methods applied to pattern recognition of heart rate variability parameters obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) for the aid of automated clinical diagnosis of various diseases associated with the heart, using multivariate statistical methods and computational machine learning. For this purpose, the electrocardiograms signs of 137 volunteers clinically diagnosed with normal sinus rhythm (NSR), with n = 54 individuals, which will represent the control group, and two clinical conditions formed by individuals with congestive heart failure (CHF), with n = 29 individuals or suppression of cardiac arrhythmia (CAST), with n = 54 individuals, considering these two clinical conditions, such as the case groups. All these signals were obtained from the PhysioNet, which covers a set of real biomedical signals, open source software and from studies consolidated in the literature. A procedure for obtaining characteristic variables of ECG tachograms was described, these variables were modeled by classification approaches of Discriminant Analysis data by Partial Least Squares regression (PLS-DA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), aiming at the diagnosis of two clinical conditions when compared with a control group. Data matrices of variables associated with the time domain, frequency domain and obtained by non-linear methods were considered separately, each one, and all of these in a single data matrix, of statistical parameters associated with heart rate variability. The figures of merit showed that there is a pattern in the behavior of the tachogram parameters that may be used for clinical diagnostic aid. Both congestive heart failure and the classification and prediction of samples belonging to the cardiac arrhythmia suppression were satisfactorily obtained, with an area under the ROC curve close to 0.9. The PLS-DA model demonstrated the best data classification results, where congestive heart failure was diagnosed with rates of 90.9% of sensitivity and selectivity of 85.7% and suppression of cardiac arrhythmia was predicted with rates of 75.0% of sensitivity and 100.0 % of selectivity, suggesting that clinical diagnosis assisting real time and a personalized prognosis can become a reality that will contribute positively to medical practice.
Variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e níveis de cortisol salivar entre policiais militares
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Araújo, Liliam Mendes de; Santos, Laurita dos
This study aims to validate the relationship between heart rate variability patterns and salivary cortisol levels in military police officers, based on measurements induced by the Trier social Stress Test (TSST). This is a cross-sectional experimental study, conducted between the months of February and November 2020, involving 30 male police officers in regular working activities for a year or more, aging over 18. The study excluded individuals with high blood pressure, diabetes, those carrying a pacemaker or a transplanted organ and teachers. The subjects were submitted to the TSST and their HRV and saliva (in order to measure cortisol levels) were taken at three moments: basal period and prior to the TSST, immediately after the test and 20 minutes after the second collection. For collecting the temporal series of RR intervals, we used the Polar®, v800 monitor. The project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Universidade Brasil, CAAE: 85502418.0.0000.5494. The results showed that the TSST induced a physiological response which can be visualized in the cortisol concentrations (0.272 ± 0.221 e mean 0.220 µg/dL), p = 0.0001. With HRV analyzed by using linear time domain, frequency domain and non-linear methods, it was possible to identify that some variables show statistic difference (p< 0.05) among the distinct moments of the experimental protocol. Among the main contributions of this study, it was possible to point out the importance of cortisol, showing that it is related to HRV linear and non-linear measurements, as well as the strong positive linear correlation between the HRV variables. Thus, HRV used as an information tag of the physiological impacts caused by the experimental stress causes, in addition to being adopted as a complementary tool for police officers’ clinical evaluation, can also be an important biomarker to promote health. Promoting military police officers’ health is a big challenge, once strategies aimed at fighting stress related to police activities must be implemented so as to improve the quality of life and health of these professionals.
Avaliação de nódulos tireoidianos por Elastografia: comparação de suas características com a punção aspirativa por agulha fina de tireóide
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Bernardes, Antônio José de Macedo; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Pires, Ivan Luiz Pedroso
Introduction: Classically, thyroid nodules are initially evaluated by ultrasonography in Mode B. Despite being sensitive for the diagnosis of NT, it does not take into account the stiffness of the nodule, an important characteristic that is related to its malignancy. In this sense, elastography has been used as an instrument to assist in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. With this in mind, the aim of the present study is to qualitatively assess the performance of manual pressure elastography in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules in adults. Method: This is a prospective, observational study, which included patients who had thyroid nodules and required fine needle aspiration (FNAB). The elastography was obtained in real time from the US in Mode B. The percentage of the nodule's rigid area was calculated using the ImageJ software. Results: The study included 41 patients, 87.8% female. Age ranged from 18 to 75 years, with an average of 46.4 years (SD: 13.57). Most of the nodules were classified as TI-RADS 3, 53.7%. As for the Bethesda classification, 82.9% of the sample was classified as Bethesda 2 (benign nodule). The percentage of rigid area (% AR) ranged from 3% to 73%, with an average of 28.73% (SD: 18.15). Highly suspicious nodules from the TI-RADS classification had a higher AR% (51.6%). Regarding cytological analysis, nodules characterized as benign had an average AR% of 24.23% (SD: 13.66), while malignant ones of 55% (SD: 19.94), a difference of 30.77% , which proved to be statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The quantitative evaluation of Strain type elastography based on the% AR evaluation proved to be useful to discriminate between benign and malignant nodules and is presented as a tool that can complement the assessment of thyroid nodules.
Tolerância de fungos entomopatogênicos e fitopatogênicos a diferentes agentes estressores
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Costa, Tacyana Pires de Carvalho; Rangel, Drauzio Eduardo Naretto
In the first chapter, germination, mycelial growth, and conidia production of the entomopathogenic fungi Trichothecium roseum, Metarhizium robertsii, and Metarhizium acridum were studied under conditions of osmotic stress induced by KCl, UV radiation, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), heat, and Congo red. T. roseum is more tolerant than the others when confronting osmotic stress due to KCL, stress due to the 4-NQO, and stress due to Congo Red. However, under UV radiation conditions, Metarhizium species were more tolerant. In summary, we conclude that the fungus T. roseum is a promising agent in the biological control of insects. In the second chapter, the effects of visible light wavelengths on germination, mycelial radial growth, and conidia production of the phytopathogens Colletotrichum acutatum and Fusarium fujikuroi were studied. No differences were found for germination and growth for both fungi under different light and dark regimes; however, significant differences occurred in both conidial production and UV radiation. In the third chapter, differential sensitivities to cell wall stress caused by Congo red were studied in several species of fungi. The saprotrophic fungus Aspergillus niger and the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride stood out as the species most resistant to cell wall stress caused by Congo red, followed by phytopathogenic and other saprotrophic fungi. The insect pathogens exhibited low or moderate tolerance. The insect pathogens Metarhizium acridum and Isaria fumosorosea were the most sensitive.
Fotobiomodulação como coadjuvante no tratamento da lesão pulmonar aguda decorrente de sepse
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dantas, Emanuelle; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Tim, Carla Roberta
Sepsis is a common condition associated with high mortality and, for many who survive, long-term morbidity. It is defined as infection with organ dysfunction, with the lung being one of Organs most affected organs. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious and serious disease, characterized by infiltrations of pulmonary inflammatory cells, diffuse alveolar damage, in addition to loss of the alveolar epithelium, together with edema and changes in gas exchange. During the rehabilitation period, there is a growing concern to modulate these processes in order to prevent complications and favor the patient's functional recovery. The therapeutic verification of the applications of photobiomodulation therapies (PBM) through lasers and LEDs) in the clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases is currently well known, however the mechanisms of action triggered by these resources and their use in clinical practice for the treatment of APL due to sepsis still remains incipient. Thus, this thesis aimed to provide an understanding of the current evidence on the importance of PBM in the treatment of respiratory disorders and its possible applicability in APL due to sepsis, as well as to evaluate and compare in vivo the PBM response through laser and LEDs on the LPA in rats. A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory narrative literature review was carried out and an experimental study using male Wistar rats, allocated in 3 (three) experimental groups: Sepsis control (CS); laser treatment (LASER); LED treatment (LED). Irradiations in the red wavelength (630 nm) were applied at three points (anterior region of the trachea and in the ventral regions of the chest, bilaterally) 1 and 24 hours after surgery. Based on all verified evidence and results observed in this study, it is inferred that PBM through laser and LED can be proposed as a support for conventional medical therapy in the treatment of APL arising from sepsis, due to the potential to mitigate the inflammatory condition, prevent the progression of the lung parenchyma lesion and, consequently, reduce the recovery time of the patient with ALI due to sepsis.
Correlação entre índice-tornozelo braço e medidas de termografia em pacientes com doença arterial periférica
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Abreu, Jesus Antônio de Carvalho; Martin, Airton Abrahão; Oliveira, Rauirys Alencar de
Purpose: to correlate the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and photographic thermography (PT) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: PT was performed at the foot level, and ABI was measured in 72 lower limbs of patients with PAD divided into calcified and non-calcified artery groups. The non calcified artery group was classified by PAD severity as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe. The calcified artery group comprised patients with ABI greater than 1.4. The Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data and the Wilcoxon test for numeric data. Results: the Spearman’s correlation between ABI and PT according to the mean foot sole temperature showed strong correlation (R=0.7) in patients without lower limb artery calcification. R2 indicated that the ABI influenced the foot temperature by 48.8%. Linear regression presented a predictor equation equal to Y=3.296*X+29.75, where ABI (X) can be predicted based on temperature values. The Spearman’s correlation test showed no significance (p=0.2174) in patients with artery calcification, showing no correlation between ABI and mean foot sole temperature. However, the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc analysis with Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons showed that the mean foot sole temperature is lower in patients with artery calcification than in asymptomatic patients. Conclusion: PT has a strong correlation with ABI in patients with non-calcified arteries. Due to its strong correlation with ITB, photographic thermography is a reliable method for evaluating patients with PAD in non-calcified arteries.
Efeitos da fotobiomodulação por laser de baixa intensidade associado ou não ao extrato vegetal Abelmoschus Esculentus Linn sobre a inflamação aguda do tendão calcâneo induzida por colagenase em ratos Wistar
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Silva, Rauena Souto Diogo Lopes; Ferraresi, Cleber; Oliveira, Rauirys Alencar de
INTRODUCTION: In the current literature, the association between electromagnetic resources (photobiomodulation (FBM) by low intensity laser (LBI) and / or by emitting diode light (LED) in the infrared electromagnetic spectrum and plant extracts (ointments / gels) in the treatment of tendinitis are still scarce, however, it is believed that both can help in resolving the inflammatory process OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of low intensity laser photobiomodulation (FBM) with or without the “Abelmoschus Esculentus Linn” extract, in treatment of calcaneus tendon tendonitis experimentally induced via collagenase in Wistar rats METHODOLOGY: 40 male Wistar rats submitted to the experimental model of tendinitis via collagenase application on the right paw.The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: control group (GC), extract (EX), photobiomodulation (FBM) and the combined treatment group (FBM + EX), which were treated in a controlled manner during the period experimental period of 7 and 14 days. The variables studied in this study were: inflammatory cells, fibroblast count and the percentage of collagen fibers (types I and III). RESULTS: It was observed in the study in the inflammatory cell count that the FBM (0.010) and AS (0.043) groups showed a significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in the intragroup analysis. Regarding the findings in the fibroblast count, it was proved in the intragroup analysis that the CG (0.0035) showed a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts, while the FBM group (0.013) showed a significant reduction in the proliferation of fibroblasts. In the intergroup analysis, the experimental groups (EX, FBM and AS), showed a significant increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts when compared to the CG in the experimental times studied. Finally, in the analysis of the percentage of collagen fibers, it was found that the FBM group had the best results on collagen proliferation (types I and III). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the extract Abelmoschus Esculentus Linn, when applied in isolation, does not optimize the proliferation of type I collagen in the expected phase of the calcaneus tendon repair process. However, it has been shown that FBM is able to assist the proliferation of fibroblasts and induce the proliferation of type I collagen, reducing the proliferation of type III collagen in the late phase (14 days).
Estudo da eficiência microbiológica de um sistema de ventilação hospitalar com filtragem HEPA na prevenção de patógenos dispersos no ar
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Santos, Ricardo Andrade; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta
Air conditioning in Intensive Care Centers (ICUs) and Wards is a latent means of propagating microorganisms through the respiratory tract, where patients and health professionals are exposed to etiologic agents transmitted by bioaerosols. In addition, the contagion in these environments confirms the perception that poorly designed air conditioning; it potentiates the transmission of pathogens in places of constant flow of immunosuppressed individuals and, therefore, susceptible to infections. Thus, air conditioning with HEPA filtration presents itself as a hospital engineering technique with an effective potential to reduce the entry of these contaminating agents dispersed in the air. The occurrence of pathogens of this nature has been neglected in scientific research, becoming the object of more recent studies, but which still require a greater volume of debate. Research objective consisted of evaluating the microbiological efficiency of HEPA filtering air conditioning systems in a hospital (CTI and wards), in preventing the spread of airborne lung diseases. The method used was the collection of air samples through the active impaction method, over a period of 32 weeks in the intensive care unit and in the wards. The results identified 67% of fungi and 33% of bacteria with their respective subcategories. The counting of colony-forming units (CFU) was higher than that recommended by the current regulation. The conclusion of the study shows that hospital air is a route of transmission and persistence of multi resistant microorganisms and suggests the need to review the rules that address the use of HEPA filters, laminar flow, negative pressure, air changes, bed validation and detection methodology, necessary in hospital environments.
Síntese e análise microbiológica de substratos poliméricos recobertos com filmes ultrafinos de TiO2 pela tecnologia de deposição por camada atômica
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Cardoso, Saraí de Brito; Pessoa, Rodrigo Sávio; Maciel, Homero Santiago
Uso do biopolímero de fibrina heterólogo associado ou não à fotobiomodulação no processo de reparo tendíneo
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dutra Jr., Enéas de Freitas; Tim, Carla Roberta; Amaral, Marcelo Magri
Introduction: The tendons are susceptible to injuries, and the calcaneal tendon is frequently injured. However, there is much controversy about the treatment of tendon injuries. In this perspective, the use of heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB), a homeostatic agent that has been used in several types of surgeries and a surgical strategy for the treatment of tendon injuries. In addition, non-surgical treatment using laser photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been shown to be effective in the repair process. Objective: To evaluate the effect of heterologous fibrin biopolymer associated or not with photobiomodulation in the tendon repair process. Methodology: 84 Rattus norvegicus belonging to the Wistar strain were used. The animals were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with N=21 animals in each: Control (CG); Heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB); Photobiomodulation (PBM); Heterologous fibrin biopolymer + Photobiomodulation (HFB + PBM). The groups were subdivided into 3 experimental periods: 7, 14 and 21 days. The animals received HFB immediately after partial tendon transection. PBM started the lesion induction for 24 hours and was followed for 7, 14, 21 days. For PBM, a 660 nm, 40 mW, 0.23 J and 6 second laser was used. The volume of the edema was evaluated, immediately before the tendon transection; 24 hours after tendon transection; on the day of euthanasia, following their respective experimental periods. The descriptive histopathological analysis and through the Bonar scale in the partially transected tendon region and the quantification of blood vessels were performed using slides stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). Collagen quantification was performed using slides stained with Masson's trichrome. Results: The results of the edema volume showed that, 24 hours after partial transection of the calcaneus tendon, there was no statistical difference between the experimental groups. After the three experimental periods, it was observed that the treatment groups were effective in reducing edema when compared to control. A histological analysis revealed that PBM had a major tendon injury after 7 days. However, in the periods of 14 and 21 days, the PBM had a better repair process compared to the GC, while the HFB and HFB + PBM had a better repair process when compared to the GC in the 3 experimental periods. PBM showing a greater number of blood vessels after 7, 14 and 21 days. In the quantification of collagen, there was no statistical difference between the groups, in the 3 experimental periods. Conclusion: The results obtained with the HFB and PBM treatments, granted or associated, were effective in reducing the volume of the edema, stimulating the repair process. However, the use of HFB alone is more effective in promoting the tendon repair process. Thus, this study consolidates previous studies of tendon repair with this new HFB. Clinical futures will be included to validate this proposal.
Estudo dos marcadores bioquímicos na pele humana devido a fotoexposição crônica por Espectroscopia Raman
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Silva, João Lucas Rangel; Martin, Airton Abrahão; Santana, Felipe Bachion de
Skin is an epithelial system that differs from other tissues because is in direct contact with the external environment, which is considered essential for life. Excessive exposure to solar radiation leads to a significant reduction in elasticity, atrophy, excessive pigmentation, dryness, appearance of wrinkles, thickening of the skin, degeneration of collagen and elastin, development of hyperchromias, telangiectasias and accentuation of the process of aging. Some studies have used optical methods in the study of the structural differences of the skin for the most varied ethnic origins and under the action of different treatments. micro-Raman spectroscopy technique in vivo and in vitro has enabled the identification and characterization in real time of biochemical changes resulting from the degenerative processes of living tissues. In addition to its high sensitivity and specificity, the technique provides the chemical fingerprint of the studied sample. The first part of this study was the validation of the technique, in order to prove the sensitivity and specificity of the Raman microscopy technique for skin applications. The results found in the validation phase of the technique, corroborate with the studies carried out by other authors, where they present the Raman microscopy technique as a sensitive analysis tool for chemical changes on the skin. After the good results obtained on the validation phase, the second part of this work was carried out, characterizing the chemical differences between the study groups, individuals with high and low sun exposure. In this part of the study, the samples were separated into two groups, one with high sun exposure and the other with low sun exposure. The results obtained after multivariate statistical analysis, showed spectral differences in the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis layers. For all photoexposed groups and in all layers, conformational changes in lipids and proteins were observed, impairing the protective barrier function in the stratum corneum, affecting ceramides in the epidermis and type I collagen in the dermis. Also, in the photoexposed groups, changes in phenylalanine were observed in the layers of the stratum corneum and epidermis. The proline-hydroxyproline peaks were identified as suitable for assessing intrinsic versus extrinsic aging, and the regions of amide I and III can be used for photoaging evolutionary studies in the dermis layer. This study reveals the potential of the Raman spectroscopy technique as an alternative, fast and reliable method to assess biochemical changes in the skin related to continuous sun exposure.
Avaliação do uso de sensor de contração muscular no treino sensório-motor em indivíduos com dor lombar persistente
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Bonfim, Rafael Victor Ferreira do; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Garcia, Lívia Assis
Low back pain is a chronic health problem, with a high socioeconomic impact, due to its high prevalence; it corresponds to any pain felt in the lower back. It is also an expensive health problem, both on personal and social level. The deficiency in the mechanical stability of the lumbar spine is known to decrease spinal muscle activation and could result in the occurrence of pain symptoms in the lower back. The stabilizing musculature is activated to protect the spine during body movements; however, its training could be carried out through specific exercises. Sensor technology could facilitate this task, being implemented, for example, in applications such as monitoring the effectiveness of home rehabilitation interventions in individuals with low back pain. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of stabilizer muscle training using a contraction sensor in individuals with nonspecific persistent low back pain, by assessing pain, balance, plantar pressure, muscle isometric resistance test and muscle ultrasound thickness. The sample consisted of 30 individuals with chronic low back pain, aged between 18 and 45 years. In the present horizontal, double-blind, study, in which each individual was evaluated before and after the intervention with 16 visits of 30 minutes each, performed on alternate days, using the muscle contraction sensor for the abdominal muscles. Numerical pain scale, baropodometry, stabilometry, Biering Sorensen muscle isometric resistance test and examination of the ultrasound thickness of the transverse abdomen were used for assessment. As a result of the research, a reduction in pain levels was observed, as well as an improvement in plantar distribution and balance. The resistance of the multifidus and the thickness of the transversus abdominis increased with training employing the contraction sensor. It is concluded that the portable system, developed with low cost, could help in the control of the stabilizing muscle contraction exercises, improving its contraction capacity and motor control and, consequently, improving balance and reducing low back pain, which could cause a major socioeconomic impact.
Avaliação in vivo dos possíveis efeitos genotóxicos e antimicrobiano de scaffolds a base de poli (butileno adipato-co-tereftalato) /polipirrol com nanohidroxiapatita para regeneração óssea
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Elias, Conceição de Maria Vaz; Lobo, Anderson de Oliveira; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta
An increasingly frequent trend in tissue engineering research is the development of nanoscale nanofiber scaffolds. It is then proposed to manufacture polymeric scaffolds using electrospinning (PBAT 12%, PBAT 12% / PPy 1%), and homogeneous deposition of nHAp nanocomposites on the surface of the fibers using electrochemical electrodeposition (PBAT 12% / PPy 1 % / nHAp), for bone regeneration. The electrospinning process was carried out with 12 13 kV, 1.2 mm needle, 0.3 ml / h infusion pump and 10-12 cm distance from the counter electrode. Subsequently, nHAp was directly electrodeposited on PBAT / PPy scaffolds using a classic three-point device. The scaffolds were characterized by SEM / EDS scanning electron microscopy, FTIR by ATR, XRD, tests to evaluate possible in vivo genotoxicity effects (MN and Comet), and antibacterial activity. In XRD the size of the scaffold crystallite with deposited nHAp was 72.6 nm. In the MN test the experiment consisted of 05 animals (n = 5), with four groups: GI - PBAT / PPy / nHAp, GII-PBAT / PPy, Positive control - Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 50mg / kg intraperitoneally and the Control negative - distilled water. Blood was collected from the tail of rats for the comet test. In the micronucleus test, bone marrow cells were collected from the rat femur, showing that the scaffold did not induce DNA damage and genotoxicity in the cells. In antimicrobial tests, scaffolds are 99.8% effective in antibacterial activity (bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In conclusion, scaffolds have no genotoxic effect, and this new biomaterial presents great potential for possible use in vivo and in bone repair.
Ozonioterapia: regulamentação jurídica
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Paez, Thalita Toffoli; Tim, Carla Roberta; Santos, Laurita dos
The present work aims to address the use of ozone therapy for treatment in humans, combined with the need to provide specific and complete legal guidelines. Ozone is a highly toxic gas, but it has an important antioxidant, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory characteristic and helps in the repair process. For this reason, the artificial production of this gas was started, for its therapeutic use, whose technique is called ozonotherapy. However, it is questioned whether the technique is a safe and effective treatment, since application in inadequate doses or routes of application can bring serious results to the patient. Currently, when the chosen route is auto-hemotherapy, it is possible that it is administered in a judicious and personal way, making the analysis of the individual's biomarkers and their tolerance to ozone, given the fact that the levels of gas tolerance are different in each subject. It turns out that, there is no specific legislation that ensures which professionals can prescribe and use ozone therapy, having several class councils already positioned themselves favorably. In 2018, the Ministry of Health incorporated ozone therapy as an integrative and complementary practice of the Unified Health System, provided it is applied in precise therapeutic doses, without, however, establishing criteria for the definition of the dose to be applied. Health is a social right that must be safeguarded in order to preserve a healthy and dignified life, which is why any health treatment can only be prescribed and carried out under appropriate conditions of safety and inspection, supported by scientific research and its own legislation. It is necessary to have specific and complete legislation on the subject, able to bring parameters and application protocols, in order to provide guarantees to professionals and patients who intend to treat. Thus, a research of the literature was carried out on electronic bases in the health and legal areas, there was no restriction on languages or publication data. Several articles were found, eliminating a duplication of titles and after reading abstracts, selected those that best fit the theme of this work. In a next step, perform a complete reading of all articles and the theoretical framework of this thesis was created. After reading and selecting the few and incomplete regulations on ozone therapy, he made a published work, which is a proposal for a complete review of the legislative content on ozone therapy. The proposed regulation brings the main parameters for the application of the technique, as well as the contraindicated routes, training of the professional who will manage the therapy, the qualified professionals, cautionary exams when due to auto-hemotherapy, care and responsibilities. In this sense, the present proposal of legislative content, was delivered to members of the Legislative Power, so that, observing the constitutional requirements, it can be used as a basis for the project, and eventually a future law, which will contain adequate and complete content regarding the theme.
Análise e otimização dos algoritmos para angiografia por tomografia por coerência óptica e desenvolvimento de Phantom por impressão 3D
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Rodrigues, Karina de Cássia; Amaral, Marcelo Magri; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de
Skin grafts are surgically applied to repair skin lesions such as burns and extensive necrosis. The success of this surgical procedure is associated with good blood supply in the grafted region. Thus, the assessment of angiogenesis during the tissue repair process is essential for its prognosis. The development of non-invasive evaluation techniques is extremely important for the success of this procedure. One of the promising techniques is Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A), a non invasive technique that can be used to obtain images of the vascularization of biological tissues. The adoption of this technique as a clinical practice in dermatology involves reducing its cost, and the use of equipment with a low acquisition rate (low cost) is a possible path. Thus, this work aimed to implement and optimize algorithms for obtaining angiography images by optical coherence tomography (OCT-A) for applications in images acquired with low acquisition rate and cost equipment. To test those methods, it is requiring the use of phantom that simulate the behavior of the microvascular system. Thus, this work also aimed at the development of a phantom to simulate a microvascular system using 3D printing technology. Phantoms containing microchannels were designed and printed on polylactic acid (PLA) using a 3D printer by fused filament deposition. These PLA phantoms were imaged with the OCT system (OQLabScope - Lumedica, USA). Seven different OCT-A methods were implemented (HFM, STS, CM, SV, OSV, ISC and UHS-OMAG) and compared against their processing time, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio. The OSV and CM methods showed better overall performance based on these parameters, but CM shown higher processing time. An optimization of the CM method was proposed in this work, reducing the processing time by 99.2%, a significant gain for the algorithm that presented better performances in contrast.
Ensaio clínico sobre o efeito da Fotobiomodulação e da Terapia Fotodinâmica na cicatrização de lesões crônicas
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Moreira, Isabel Cristina Cavalcante Carvalho; Nunez, Silvia Cristina
Introduction: Chronic wounds can be defined as those that do not advance in relation to the orderly tissue repair process and compromise anatomical integrity and tissue repair time. Neuropathic ulcers are chronic lesions and one of the most stigmatizing sequelae of diabetic foot and leprosy-associated wounds, their presence is quite impairing for the individual and can lead to deformation and/or amputation of the affected limb. For the treatment of these wounds, there are a variety of existing topical products, including hydrogel. Besides, treatment through the use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown positive results in the repair process. Objective: To evaluate the effects of PBM and PDT with methylene blue, associated or not with urea, on the healing of chronic wounds caused by diabetes and leprosy. Methodology: This is a blind randomized clinical trial. There were 17 volunteers with chronic diabetes wounds that were divided into 4 groups: Group I hydrogel with alginate (n=3), Group II PBM with diode laser λ= 660 nm, power of 100 mW, with 4J applied every 1 cm (n=6), Group III PDT with methylene blue at 100 µM associated with red emission diode laser λ = 660 nm, power of 100 mW with 9 J every 1 cm (n=5), and Group IV methylene blue 100 µM PDT associated with 2M urea (n=4) and the same irradiation parameters as G III. And 13 volunteers with chronic leprosy lesions divided into 4 groups: Group I hydrogel with alginate (n=3); Group II PBM with diode laser λ= 660 nm, power of 100 mW, with 4J applied every 1 cm (n=4) ; Group III PDT with methylene blue at 100 µM associated with red emission diode laser λ = 660 nm, power of 100 mW with 9 J every 1 cm (n=3) and Group IV PDT with methylene blue at 100 µM associated with 2M urea and the same irradiation parameters as G III. For the intervention protocol, the volunteers underwent 8 sessions, comprising 2 sessions a week, on alternate days. Photographic records were used for the macroscopic evaluation throughout the sessions and the measurement of the wound was related to the greatest length versus the greatest width. For all groups, the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), was applied to assess the healing process. Results: This study found that diabetic individuals undergoing hydrogel therapy (G I) did not present a reduction in chronic wound size. As measured by the PUSH score, it was not statistically significant (p value = 0.317). However, it was observed that there was a significant reduction in the size of the 9 chronic lesion measured by the PUSH Score between days 1 and 8 in individuals with diabetes for groups G II (p<0.001), G III (p=0.004) and G IV (p=0.001). It was found that in individuals with leprosy undergoing hydrogel therapy, the reduction of chronic wound, measured by the PUSH score, was not statistically significant (p value = 0.096). However, it was observed that there was a significant reduction in the size of the chronic lesion measured by the PUSH score between days 1 and 5 in individuals with leprosy for G II (p value = 0.021), G III (p value = 0.005 ) and G IV PDT+AM 100 µM associated with 2M urea (p value = 0.034). Conclusion: The therapies with PBM and PDT with methylene blue, and PDT with methylene blue associated with urea reduce the size of the chronic wound in diabetic patients, requiring 3 applications. All light therapies evaluated in the study reduced the size of chronic wounds in leprosy patients after five applications.