Ciências Ambientais
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item O IPTU verde no município de Jales/SP(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Celes, Natália Carolina Castanheira; Américo-Pinheiro, Juliana Heloísa PinêThe green IPTU is a tax that is levied on urban properties and makes up what is called the tax burden. It was implemented in the municipality of Jales/SP on November 11, 2009, to serve as a bonus for taxpayers, granting tax discounts to those who adopt certain sustainable practices provided for in Municipal Law No. 3,686/2009. Through this research, the Technical Manual for requesting Green IPTU in the municipality of Jales/SP was developed with the aim of covering all Urban Territorial Property Tax (IPTU) taxpayers in the municipality of Jales/SP, who seek a reduction in their burden. tax, as well as improving quality of life, minimizing environmental impacts. The purpose of the Manual is to inform the taxpayer what Green IPTU is about, what measures must be adopted to grant the discount, the advantages of this tax incentive and the procedure to be adopted to request the benefit. Its objective is to promote an incentive for owners to fulfill the social function of the property, benefiting society and the public sphere, through small ecological and environmentally friendly adaptations. To develop this work, a bibliographical review was carried out on IPTU, sustainability, municipal legislation and municipal data. The images and pictures used in the manual were created with the help of the CANVA website and artificial intelligence. The reduction in the value of IPTU is the main incentive to join the program, but the benefits of an ecological home extend to saving water and energy, which has a positive effect on the budget in the long term. It is concluded that the tax benefit presents both economic and environmental efficiency results.Item Pagamento municipal por serviço ambiental - proposição de um método de valoração monetária(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Andriolo, Anselmo Ribeiro; Vanzela, Luiz Sérgio; Tagliaferro, Evandro RobertoIn January 2021, Federal Law No. 14,119 was enacted in Brazil, which introduced the payment for environmental services. It determines that the parties involved may establish in agreement the amount and the payment method for the environmental service. The objective of this work is to propose a method of monetary valuation for payment for environmental services when provided by the individual, which should encourage the provision of environmental services by citizens, monetarily favoring effectiveness and efficiency aspects. For this purpose, through an applied, deductive, bibliographic study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, of comparative and experimental nature, we focused on investigating monetary valuation for payment for environmental services that respond to the questions presented. As a result, the work proposed that a reference cost, discounting indirect costs and expenses, has to be calibrated through effectiveness and efficiency indices. Additionally, the result makes it possible to encourage the development of unstructured and diffuse economic chains to provide environmental services and social and economic development.Item Pagamentos por serviços ambientais: instrumento de pôr serviço ambientais de municípios do Noroeste Paulista(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Baldan, Gustavo Antonio Nelson; Vazquez, Gisele HerbstThe unbridled economic growth that occurred mainly in the last century, to the detriment of the quality of environmental goods, led society and states to be concerned with protecting the environment in order to avoid resource scarcity. At first, this protection took place through traditional methods of command and control, imposing sanctions on those who caused environmental degradation. However, this method did not prove to be sufficient, with the need to foresee the possibility of granting benefits to those who practiced expected and desired environmental measures. Thus, in Brazil, in the environmental area, alongside the traditional method of command and control, the premium right has been adopted, because there is no need only for environmental preservation, but also for the recovery of degraded areas, one of these instruments being the policy of payment for environmental services. The work was based on documentary research in official sources (official websites of the municipalities in northwest São Paulo), analyzing the doctrine and legislation of these municipalities. 34 municipalities, randomly chosen, were analyzed regarding the value of resources destined to the environmental harvest, as well as the existence of a law regulating the local policy of payment for environmental services in the year 2022. It was concluded that Auriflama, Cardoso, Catanduva, Fernandópolis, Guzolândia , Mesópolis, Mirassol, Nhandeara, Pereira Barreto, Tanabi, Valentim Gentil and Votuporanga have legislation regulating this instrument. And, among them, only Fernandópolis has a program in the implementation phase. On the other hand, Andradina, Araçatuba, Catanduva, Dracena, Cosmorama, Fernandópolis, Guzolândia, Indiaporã, Ilha Solteira, Mesópolis, Pereira Barreto, Santa Fé do Sul and Valentim Gentil have compatible budget revenue for the concrete development of environmental policies.Item Meio ambiente do trabalho: relações interpessoais, impactos e proposta de recuperação(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Hirose, Rafael Fedichima; Campato Jr., João Adalberto; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo; Andreani Jr., RobertoBearing in mind that most people still have a restricted and simplistic concept of the environment, they often forget that it is characterized beyond natural aspects (flora, fauna, soil, air, water, etc.), encompassing, also, environments called artificial or constructed, of which the work environment stands out, the central object of this dissertation. The work environment constitutes an environment in which activities and work relationships occur, which can occur in closed or open spaces. This is a text prepared through qualitative research, developed through a bibliographical review, whose general objective is to conceptualize the work environment and examine how some factors, such as: communication noise, toxic leadership, moral harassment , sexual harassment, unequal treatment of workers, seen mainly from the perspective of discrimination, and environmental problems considered traditional, strongly influence the sustainability of the work environment, acting as if they were true environmental impacts. In the end, we seek to present some suggestions to recover the sustainability, especially social, of this environment, such as, for example, the need to remodel the organizational culture of work environments, empowering leaders for democratic, collaborative action and not directed solely for profit, as well as having clearer, more precise and respectful communication towards others.Item Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos da saúde no noroeste paulista(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Vieira, Luiz Carlos; Freitas, Luciana Secches de; Vanzela, Luiz SergioPopulation growth in the last decades is accompanied by a series of environmental impacts, among which the generation of solid waste stands out, especially from health services (RSS) that may have infectious biological agents that significantly impact the environment, if poorly managed. In the management of RSS are involved generators (establishments that offer health services), receivers (companies/institutions licensed for the treatment and destination of RSS), managers (municipal health or environmental bodies responsible for municipal management of RSS) and inspectors (inspectors/sanitary surveillance agents), and knowledge of the current situation regarding the generation and management of these types of waste, which is essential for public health and sustainable development. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the situation of solid waste management of health services (RSS) in Northwest Paulista. The research was conducted in the 153 municipalities located in the Administrative Regions of São José do Rio Preto and Araçatuba, which together make up the Northwest Paulista. The evaluation of the RSS's management was carried out through the application of four questionnaires intended for the follow-up of the management of RSS (generators, receivers, managers and inspectors) and from the quantitative data of RSS obtained in official bases. The data were organized and analyzed separately by frequency distribution and the relationships of interest by the chi-square test. The current scenario in the Northwest of São Paulo, drawn from the data of this research, demonstrates insecurity in the management of the totality of the RSS, requiring a more effective participation of municipal administrations in the elaboration of public policies that are more focused on improving the precision in the monitoring of the amount generated, in the correct handling by the generators, in the effectiveness of the inspection and in the destination of these residues in licensed places.Item Educação ambiental: a horta escolar como eixo condutor de dinâmicas comunitárias(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Santana, Regina Lucia; Andreani Junior, RobertoThis paper contributes to the dissemination of the project carried out in the Professora Maria Expedita Silva State School, located in the municipality of Mauá, ABCDM Paulista, through the project "School Garden" within the context of Environmental Education aimed at using the school garden as a driving force of community dynamics, since it involves consumption in the enrichment of the snack itself as well as the distribution in the neighborhood of what is grown in the garden. The field study carried out is through the development of the project "School Garden" in the actions developed with teenagers from Elementary II and High School of the school. The main objective is the implementation of sustainable and community actions developed in the school environment, promoting the union between the school and the local community in the consumption and preservation of the school garden, as well as the development of a sense of responsibility towards the environment, the importance of working on the preservation, care, and defense of the environment, the importance of a natural diet, and the involvement in pedagogical actions in an interdisciplinary way. The study methodology is descriptive and transversal, because the literature review has a relevant role in the knowledge and discussion of realities, actions, and programs. The authors who will be used understand Environmental Education in the school environment as a prerogative of sustainable actions for the future, enabling the student to develop in practice the theoretical learning of the class using appropriate tools that awaken the different look in the social, occupational, thus enhancing the quality of life, with the purpose of effective learning of the importance of construction and cooperative actions as a source of environmental sustainability food and socioeconomic development. Thus, the results show the engagement of adolescents in the sustainable actions of the educational project, reflecting in the modification of collaborative postures in the integration with their natural environment.Item Estudo comparativo das certificações ambientais Leed, Aqua-Hqe e Casa Azul Caixa: contribuições para a construção civil(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Lara, Ana Paula Mori Capuano; Vazquez, Gisele HerbstItem Estudo sobre a gestão e o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares no município de Suzano(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Cardoso Junior, Elcio Assis; Tagliaferro, Evandro RobertoThis paper aims to characterize the management and household solid waste management process in the county of Suzano, the present challenges and alternatives for its improvement. Combined descriptive, deductive, bibliographic, and field study, with a qualiquantitative, comparative, exploratory approach. The study was based on the works of reference authors in sustainability, management, and solid waste management also in the current legislation the National Solid Waste Policy and the Suzano Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan for gathering information on the policies and actions planned for the municipality. Data have been collected on the management activities regarding 2017 to 2019, under the responsibility of the Municipal Secretariat for the environment, which allowed a comparative study to be carried out between the actions proposed by the plans and the results provided by the management and management processes implemented and in operation in the municipality. The result explained challenges such as: the system of selective collection, sorting and separation is subject to improvement, there is a high volume of recyclables and organics in regular collection, proceeding to final disposal. The proposed solutions are concentrated in three main actions: environmental education process with the purpose of increasing the population's adherence to the separation process, enhancement of the selective collection system and the building of a composting plant to reduce the volume of organic and recyclable materials taken as waste to the landfill. The proposed actions enable improvements that result in several benefits for the municipality, society and other agents involved.Item Princípio da prevenção ambiental como diretriz de políticas públicas de resiliências climáticas no município de Fernandópolis-SP(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Martins, Uender Oliveira; Vanzela, Luiz SergioOver the last few decades, it has been observed that global climate change is a reality, posing a risk to the socioeconomic and environmental development of Brazilian municipalities. Thus, it is essential, as soon as possible, the municipal planning aiming at the adaptation and resilience of the municipalities to these possible changes. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose the development of public policies for the prevention, control and remediation of environmental impacts caused by natural disasters, in the municipality of Fernandópolis – SP. The proposition of public policies for climate resilience in Fernandópolis – SP, was divided into prevention, control and remediation measures for natural disasters caused by climatic events. For the establishment of these measures, they were defined by the integration between the possibility of the occurrence of extreme climatic events with the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, allowing the identification of potential damage to the natural, anthropic and life heritage and the municipality's capacity to execute the plans/actions of Counter-measure. By the integrated analysis of the recent behavior of the climate associated with physical environmental characteristics, it is concluded that the municipality of Fernandópolis – SP is mainly more susceptible to drought and, to a lesser extent, to disease epidemics caused by vectors such as dengue and flooding. Based on the research carried out, a Municipal Climate Resilience Plan for Fernandópolis is proposed, with the following measures: Prevention (Implementation of a climate monitoring and alert system, Implementation of a fire detection and alert system, Creation of a Training Program, Education and Studies in Natural Disasters, Municipal Project for Water Reservation and Compliance with Municipal Plans for Urban Afforestation, Atlantic Forest and Erosion Control, Control (Fire Control Infrastructure) and Remediation (Creation of a Municipal Climate Resilience Fund).Item Estudo para incorporação de resíduos de construção e demolição em elemento permeável intertravado(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Paviani, Edson Fabio; Tagliaferro, Evandro RobertoThis is a study on the incorporation of construction and demolition waste for the production of permeable concrete pieces for paving urban areas with pedestrian and light vehicle traffic, aiming to solve two of the biggest problems of modern society: (a) the inappropriate destination solid waste and (b) waterproofing the soil in urban areas. For this, permeable concrete pieces were produced with partial replacement of the natural coarse aggregate by recycled aggregate in the percentages of 20, 40, 60 and 80%. Throughout the study, the dosages and granulometry of the aggregates were modified to find the perfect trace that met the final objective. In the laboratory, the tests were divided into analyzing the mechanical and hydraulic viability of the parts produced with recycled aggregate comparing with the part produced with natural aggregate. Compressive strength tests were performed to analyze the mechanical strength using a hydraulic press. To analyze the hydraulic permeability a variable load permemeter was used. Preliminary results of the research indicated that the use of single-sized aggregates could provide concrete with high porosity, but not of adequate strength, thus fine aggregate was added to the mix, with this change there was a significant improvement in mechanical strength and permeability was appropriate. It was possible to verify that only the line with 20% replacement met the normative reference to the minimum mechanical resistance, while all lines met the minimum requirement stipulated in the current regulatory standard for the permeability coefficient. Thus, replacing up to 20% of the natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate is feasible because it also meets the minimum mechanical strength parameters of 20 MPa. The result demonstrates the possibility of reusing these residues, which also results in advantages of an economic and environmental nature.