Engenharia Biomédica

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/33

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Achados de ultrassonografia 3D com Power Doppler em pacientes com sangramento uterino pós menopausa – uma revisão sistemática de literatura com metanálise
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Domiciniano, Fabiana Alvarez; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Navarro, Ricardo Scarparo
Introduction: Recently, 3D ultrasound findings with Power Doppler have been introduced as a diagnostic tool for Endometrial Cancer (EC). With this in mind, the main objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the findings of ultrasound power doppler - Endometrial Volume (LV), Vascular Flow Index (IFV), Vascularization Index (IV) and Flow Index (IF) - to determine whether these parameters can improve the detection of FB and estimate, from a meta-analysis, the combined mean values of these parameters for patients with benign and malignant findings. Method: We conducted a systematic review according to the preferred reporting item guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA) limited to the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages of studies published between January 2000 and January 2020. A combined estimate of the median The overall findings of the US with Power Doppler of patients in the benign and malignant group were calculated using a random effects model with inverse variance weighting and visualized using a Forest Plot. Results: 6 studies were included in this meta-analysis which resulted in a total of 652 women with uterine bleeding in the post-menopausal period. The combined mean endometrial volume estimate for women with benign findings was 4.51 mL (95% CI 3.10 - 5.91). The combined mean estimate for malignant findings was 8.42 mL (95% CI 6.11 - 10.74). The combined mean of VI in the benign group was 4.04 (95% CI 2.05 - 6.04) while in the malignant group it was 14.04 (95% CI 10.65 - 17.43). For the flow index, the combined mean for the benign group was 21.67 (95% CI 16.95 - 26.38). The combined mean for malignant findings was 27.84 (95% CI 22.78 - 32.90). Finally, for the VFI the combined mean for the endometriums with malignancy findings was 4.458 (95% CI 1.41 - 7.49). A statistically significant difference was found between the combined mean of the groups (p <0.001). Conclusion: To date, this is the first study that has proposed to estimate average values of 3D ultrasound findings with Power Doppler from the combination of studies described in the literature and it is also the first specific systematic review to include all data from the US 3D Power Doppler The combined average estimate of each of these parameters is extremely important for clinical practice.
Análise da perda de massa muscular esquelética a partir dos achados de bioimpedância em uma coorte de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Azevedo, Bruna Santos Silva; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de
Despite the benefits from bariatric surgery, the techniques employed are not exempt from complications; among them, malnutrition stands out, which can cause important losses of muscle mass. The proposed research aims to investigate the development of Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) loss in individuals subjected to bariatric surgery, by means of bioimpedance analysis, since it is a simple and reproducible method. Retrospective and observational cohort type study was realized; data were only collected and after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CAE: 37663019.8.0000.5494). The patients included in the study were attended between January 2019 and January 2020, sought service within 12 months after the surgery, and were followed up with clinical and serial bioimpedance evaluations for, at least, 6 months. The variables of interest were: epidemiological, anthropometric, pre- and post-surgery data, and results of serial bioimpedances. The average survival time until the development of low SMM was estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier model. α = 5% was defined. Overall, 29 patients were included in the research, 79.3% of whom were female, and the sample had an average age of 38 years. An average difference of 27.6 kg in body mass was found, when compared to the last anthropometric assessment with the values prior to surgery, which proved to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The average SMM in the first post-surgical bioimpedance was 27.5 kg. After a period of 6 months, the individuals were again evaluated and an average of 26.7 kg was obtained; the loss of SMM was statistically significant (p = 0.033). It was observed that 17.2% of the individuals presented lower SMM values below the lower limit of normality; the Kaplan-Meier survival model estimated a 40% incidence of this outcome in 40 weeks of follow-up. Therefore, the difficulty in losing weight was evidenced, since many patients maintained the body fat percentage above normal after surgery. In addition, a risk of developing SMM loss over time was observed, due to protein deficiencies imposed by the restrictive components of surgery.
Análise de aberrações ópticas em olhos pseudofácicos opacificação após capsulotomia posterior por YAG laser
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Silva, Odenilson; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de
The posterior lens capsule opacification after cataract surgery is the most common complication and the treatment is performed with the use of ND: YAG laser capsulotomy. The aims of this research is to study high-order optical aberrations in patients with pseudophakic eyes, with posterior capsule opacification, before and after posterior YAG Laser capsulotomy. Experimental, longitudinal, quantitative and prospective clinical study approved by the Research Ethics Committee, according to the opinion nº 3.732.939 CAAE: 24984919.3.0000.5494 where the wavefront aberrations were measured with an aberrometer (OPD III Nidek), immediately before da Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, and in 15 days after the procedure. The aberration values were converted to Log on base 10 and the comparison of means was performed with the Student's t test for paired samples. The relationships (post and pre capsulotomy) of the aberrations (spherical, coma and trefoil) were compared between groups of degrees of opacification by an ANOVA and when statistically significant, the Tukey Post-Hoc test was performed. 72 pseudophakic eyes were evaluated, being 15 eyes with grade I opacification, 19 eyes with grade II opacification, 22 eyes with grade III opacification and 16 eyes with grade IV opacification. When comparing total aberrations, the Wilcoxon test confirmed a statistically significant reduction in total trefoil aberrations in grade I; grade II trefoil; spherical, coma and trefoil in grade III and coma and trefoil in grade IV. As for internal aberrations in the eyes with grade I opacification, a statistically significant reduction in the averages of coma and trefoil aberrations was found, in grade II in coma aberrations, while in grade III and IV opacifications a significant reduction in coma and trefoil. One-way ANOVA showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre-capsulotomy ratio for spherical aberrations [F (3.60) = 1.205; p = 0.316]. For coma aberrations, ANOVA also showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre capsulotomy ratio [F (3.60) = 0.190; p = 0.903]. Likewise, for coma aberrations, the test showed no effect of the degree of opacification [F (3.60) = 0.796; p = 0.501]. It is concluded that after analysis in the four opacification groups it was possible to observe a numerical decrease in the average total of the measurements of all total aberrations after the posterior capsulotomy by YAG laser, as well as for the internal aberrations.
Análise frequentista e bayesiana dos casos oncológicos na cidade de Cáceres-MT
(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Chaves Jr., Marcos Araújo; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Magalhães, Daniel Souza Ferreira
The objective of this study is to present the prevalence of cancer in the city of Cáceres - MT and region according to age, gender, topography in the period between 2016 and 2019, its relationship with the estimated national incidence, and characterization of the interdependencies of the variables studied through a network bayesian. We carried out an observational, cross-sectional study with a survey of 2.042 positive anatomopathological reports for cancer, collected from the database of the Pathology Laboratory linked to the oncological center of Cáceres. Thirty-three primary sites were identified. Non-melanoma skin cancer was the most prevalent with more than 60% of cases, but with the exception of this one, the most frequent was breast cancer, followed by uterine cervix cancer and prostate cancer. Breast cancer was the most prevalent in women, and prostate cancer in men. The age group in which cancer diagnoses were concentrated was between 60 and 79 years. Study highlights: cervical cancer, with numbers higher than expected; prostate and lung cancer with percentages lower than expected, all compared to cancer estimates for Brazil and Mato Grosso for 2023 (INCA). Finally, we structured a Bayesian network, which can act as an agile and assertive management tool, helping to make strategic decisions. This study allowed demonstrating the profile of patients diagnosed with cancer, in relation to gender, topography and age, in the city of Cáceres and region. Important information in the elaboration of public policies to modify the identified profile, and serve as a basis for new research in the region.
Análise frequentista e bayesiana dos casos oncológicos na cidade de Cáceres
(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Chaves Júnior, Marcos Araújo; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Magalhães, Daniel Souza Ferreira
The objective of this study is to present the prevalence of cancer in the city of Cáceres- MT and region according to age, gender, topography in the period between 2016 and 2019, its relationship with the estimated national incidence, and characterization of the interdependencies of the variables studied through a network bayesian. We carried out an observational, cross-sectional study with a survey of 2.042 positive anatomopathological reports for cancer, collected from the database of the Pathology Laboratory linked to the oncological center of Cáceres. Thirty-three primary sites were identified. Non-melanoma skin cancer was the most prevalent with more than 60% of cases, but with the exception of this one, the most frequent was breast cancer, followed by uterine cervix cancer and prostate cancer. Breast cancer was the most prevalent in women, and prostate cancer in men. The age group in which cancer diagnoses were concentrated was between 60 and 79 years. Study highlights: cervical cancer, with numbers higher than expected; prostate and lung cancer with percentages lower than expected, all compared to cancer estimates for Brazil and Mato Grosso for 2023 (INCA). Finally, we structured a Bayesian network, which can act as an agile and assertive management tool, helping to make strategic decisions. This study allowed demonstrating the profile of patients diagnosed with cancer, in relation to gender, topography and age, in the city of Cáceres and region. Important information in the elaboration of public policies to modify the identified profile, and serve as a basis for new research in the region.
Análise temporal da incidência de hanseníase e suas reações em Cáceres-MT
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dias, Bárbara Klein Bisinella Dias; Amaral, Marcelo Magri; Cortela, Denise Costa
Leprosy is a highly prevalent infectious disease in tropical regions and in low to medium income countries, with social inequality and poverty being important risk factors. As it is a contagious infectious disease whose prolonged contact is a primary factor for the transmission of this communicating pathway, the analysis of the distribution of the disease and its determinants in populations, space and time are fundamental aspects. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence of leprosy and its reactions in an endemic area of the disease. This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional cut, with data obtained from the Health Surveillance Database, from the National Medical Service System, in the municipality of Cáceres between 2008 to 2018. The variables analyzed were: sex, age, type of leprosy (Paucibacillary or Multibacillary), type of leprosy reaction and location of the notified patient for geoprocessing. In all, 398 cases were reported, 59.11% were male, mean age 44,7 ± 16,9 years and the most common clinical form was multibacillary (53,3%), mostly male (58,8%). Of the total, 50 patients had leprosy reactions, 46% of which were type 1, 36% of type 2 and 18% had both type 1 and type 2 reactions. The neighborhoods with the highest incidence of cases were Rodeio, Vitória Régia, Cavalhada 3 and Jardim Guanabara. From the use of geoprocessing in individuals diagnosed with leprosy, it was possible to find areas with a higher density of cases, which helps in directing public policies for treatment and prevention of the disease.
Análises epidemiológica e espacial da Covid-19 no Estado do Piauí
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Macedo, Glauber Bezerra; Tim, Carla Roberta; Garcia, Lívia Assis
The emergence of a new coronavirus in humans, first diagnosed in 2019, has many deaths and serious survival and psychosocial consequences. Through statistical tools and techniques associated with geographic technologies, this ecological, analytical and exploratory study is being developed, whose general objective is to carry out epidemiological and spatial analyzes of the distribution of confirmed cases and deaths from Coronavirus 2019 disease (Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-19), in the year 2020, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The variables listed are being assigned via the IBGE and SESAPI database. All confirmed cases and deaths with COVID-19 infection that were reported in 2020 in that state were included in the study. In the epidemiological analyzes descriptive statistics were carried out and in the spatial analyses, maps are being constructed using geoprocessing techniques, through the statistical analysis of Moran Global and Local. Preliminary results showed that, in 2020, 143,179 confirmed cases and 2,840 deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported in Piauí. A higher percentage of cases was observed in relation to females, young adults, and deaths in elderly, males, with chronic diseases. The capital Piauiense led the number of cases and deaths from the disease, probably due to the high population density. However, when considering the incidence and mortality coefficients of COVID-19, the highest rates in the state were considered in the municipalities of União and Água Branca, respectively. The spatial analysis of the cases showed clusters of high-high pattern of cases of the disease in the metropolitan region of Teresina, the region between Rios and the region of Tabuleiros do Alto do Parnaíba. A high-high cluster for mortality was verified in fillings in the region of Entre Rios and Vale do Sambito. The analyzes performed provided the visualization of spatial clusters and an identification of vulnerable areas, resulting in information that was not visualized working only with tabular data.
Análises epidemiológica e espacial da Covid-19 no Estado do Piauí
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Macedo, Glauber Bezerra; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Tim, Carla Roberta
The emergence of a new coronavirus in humans, first diagnosed in 2019, has many deaths and serious survival and psychosocial consequences. Through statistical tools and techniques associated with geographic technologies, this ecological, analytical and exploratory study is being developed, whose general objective is to carry out epidemiological and spatial analyzes of the distribution of confirmed cases and deaths from Coronavirus 2019 disease (Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-19), in the year 2020, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The variables listed are being assigned via the IBGE and SESAPI database. All confirmed cases and deaths with COVID-19 infection that were reported in 2020 in that state were included in the study. In the epidemiological analyzes descriptive statistics were carried out and in the spatial analyses, maps are being constructed using geoprocessing techniques, through the statistical analysis of Moran Global and Local. Preliminary results showed that, in 2020, 143,179 confirmed cases and 2,840 deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported in Piauí. A higher percentage of cases was observed in relation to females, young adults, and deaths in elderly, males, with chronic diseases. The capital Piauiense led the number of cases and deaths from the disease, probably due to the high population density. However, when considering the incidence and mortality coefficients of COVID-19, the highest rates in the state were considered in the municipalities of União and Água Branca, respectively. The spatial analysis of the cases showed clusters of high-high pattern of cases of the disease in the metropolitan region of Teresina, the region between Rios and the region of Tabuleiros do Alto do Parnaíba. A high-high cluster for mortality was verified in fillings in the region of Entre Rios and Vale do Sambito. The analyzes performed provided the visualization of spatial clusters and an identification of vulnerable areas, resulting in information that was not visualized working only with tabular data.
Aplicação da Espectroscopia Raman Confocal para rastreamento de um produto cosmético pela unha humana no tratamento da síndrome de unhas frágeis
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Feitosa, Mara Regina Pereira Viana Damasceno; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Martin, Airton Abrahão
Fragile nail syndrome has a high prevalence in medical offices and adherence to treatment with fortifying products is still a challenge, since, in Brazilian culture, there is a custom of fading nails weekly. In this context, the present work aims to apply Confocal Raman Spectroscopy to determine the ability of a nail-strengthening product to permeate through enamel with one and two layers and reach the nail, allowing the treatment of syndrome of fragile nails on enameled nails. For this, 05 (five)participants were selected, between men and women, aged 19 to 55 years. The permeation of the product was measured in virgin nail, with one and two layers of enamel. The product was deposited after one hour of enamel application and permeation was measured after one hour of product deposition. It was observed that the product permeates enamel and penetrates the nail up to approximately 18 μm. It was also possible to detect the presence of the main components of this product at approximately 18 μm depth in the nail. Therefore, the product crosses the enamel layer and permeates the nail facilitating the treatment in enameled nails. This result becomes promising because it provides for greater adherence of patients with pathology to treatment. The permeation in virgin nail is shown five times higher than the enameled nail with one and two layers, which proves a good permeation of the product. In this way, Raman Confocal Spectroscopy will bring subsidies to the cosmetic industry for sustaining the ability of a product to permeate the enamel layer and treat the nail.
Atividade antibiofilme de nanofibras de policaprolactona/polietilenoglicol/gelatinametacrilamida
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Soares, Nara Silva; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta; Lobo, Anderson de Oliveira
One of the biggest challenges in relation to the healing of chronic wounds is the microbial infection caused by biofilms resistant to antibiotics that can increase the cost in public health. In this study we report the antibacterial effect of the union of the three polymeric biomaterials such as polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin-methacrylamide (GelMA), by electrospinning. PCL:PEG:GelMA was first modified with glycidyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMAC) in an attempt to add a quaternary amine group. We characterize the morphology and chemical structure of the fibers. The biofilms of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis evaluated the antibacterial activity of scaffolds. The addition of this group of quaternary amines increased the positive charge available to react with the negatively charged bacterial cells, causing further disruption in the bacterial cells and therefore increasing their antibacterial activity.
Atividade bactericida e reparação tecidual de arcabouços à base de Policaprolactona: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Teixeira, Augusto Celso Fraga da Silva; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta
The structure and function of the skin is often damaged by factors such as chronic wounds, ulcers, surgical incisions, ruptures, and burns. Depending on the severity and size of the lesion, there is loss of water, blood, and bacterial infections, requiring the use of antibiotics to treat these lesions, but it can result in increasing drug resistance in bacterial populations. Therefore, the development of polycaprolactone-based materials to reduce the use of antibiotics and avoid resistance, the application of this biodegradable polymer is attractive. Thus, the objective of this study was to review the literature on the use of PCL-based nanofibers in tissue engineering, to evaluate their bactericidal and tissue repair activity. Randomized clinical trials published between 2016 and 2021 were included, in English and Portuguese on tissue engineering, using a PCL-based framework alone or in combination with other material where the databases used were: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO and LILASCS, where it resulted in 15 articles selected after the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results found indicated that Polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as a base in all scaffolds, being associated with other biomaterials (chitosan, collagen, silver ions, gelatin, among others), in which it was observed that in all of them a good repair was obtained. tissue, but not all biomaterials had a bactericidal action. It is concluded that, despite all the studies showing good tissue repair, it was observed that the bactericidal action did not happen or was not the focus of the selected research, however an observed characteristic is that the tests in humans are rarely performed, therefore, a study aimed at human applications is necessary to observe the bactericidal activity in these PCL based scaffolds.
Avaliação de mama puerperal por imagem de termografia: complicações na amamentação no pós-parto imediato
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Silva, Lisânia Batista da; Amaral, Marcelo Magri; Lima, Andrea Conceição Gomes
The breast is an attached gland of the skin that constantly undergoes changes in its biological manifestations and the temperature of the breast undergoes changes due to several factors, among which the endogenous, can be studied through a thermogram in this way the present work was performed with the aid of medical infrared thermography technique to assess breast temperature to detect breast engorgement. Objective: To analyze the development of engorged breasts in the puerperal period by carrying out a pilot study of the use of thermography to evaluate engorged breasts. Methods: nineteen lactating volunteers, seven normal and twelve engorged, were evaluated by clinical examination and thermographic images. Two regions of interest per breast form selected in the thermographic images. The average temperature in these regions was statistically compared. Results: The patients had an average age of 27 years, with the level of education mostly completed high school, without a job, married and most patients had between 1 and 2 children, all participants underwent prenatal care and the mean temperature of the normal breast was 34.13 ± 0.71 °C and the abnormal breast was 35.03 ± 0.50 °C. Conclusion: The data obtained made it possible to analyze the thermographic changes of the puerperal breast, thus contributing to more accurate diagnoses, so the results indicated that, with the clinical examination and infrared thermography, it was possible to delineate a differential pattern between the various events that affect the breast. in the lactation process.
Avaliação dos efeitos fototérmico do laser de diodo λ1470 nm na pele em modelo experimental de ratos.
(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Godoi, Silvana Aparecida Girão de; Assis, Lívia; Tim, Carla Roberta
The subdermal high-power diode laser is a therapy that has been frequently used as a treatment for skin aging. However, there is a need for studies to verify morphological and molecular changes in the skin triggered by this light technology. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the photothermal effects of diode laser wavelength (λ) 1470 nm on the skin of rats. 20 male Wistar rats were used, randomized into 2 groups: placebo laser (LP): treatment with subdermal laser turned off; active laser (LA): subdermal laser treatment was used. For therapy, high-power diode laser equipment was used (λ = 1470 nm; P = 2 W; beam area = 240 μm; beam divergence in rad: 0.227; continuous mode), applied in 5 subdermal vectors in the region of the animal's back in an area of 24 cm2 depositing an average of energy of 85 J/cm2, in a single session and the tissue was evaluated 15 days after the intervention. To evaluate the effects of the treatment, histological, morphometric analyzes and immunoexpression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were performed. The results demonstrated that active laser animals showed a better arrangement of collagen fiber bands and an increase in the thickness of the dermis and the number of vessels. Furthermore, animals treated with active laser showed an increased immunoexpression of TGF-β and VEGF compared to placebo. Thus, we can conclude that the subdermal high-power diode laser proves to be a promising option in aesthetic dermatology, as it was capable of increasing vascularization and the expression of factors that enhance skin rejuvenation.
Avaliação dos níveis de cortisol em saliva artificial por espectrometria de massas
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dias, Ana Rosa Escórcio; Mendes, Thiago de Oliveira
Measurement of the level of cortisol in biological fluids is used in some diagnoses. Currently, one of the most used analytical techniques to measure its levels is mass spectrometry (MS), with wide application in the most varied areas of science. The objective of this study was to propose a method of rapid analysis, without sample preparation, to assess the level of cortisol in a saliva sample using the mass spectrometry technique by paper spray ionization and multivariate analysis. Thus, mass spectra in the region of 100-800 m / z were acquired with a Thermo Fisher Scientific LCQ FLEET model equipped with a low-resolution Ion Trap mass analyzer. The presence of cortisol in an artificial saliva sample was determined by the presence of 363 m / z, 385 m / z, 725 m / z and 747 m / z ions characteristic of the cortisol molecule. The comparison of the spectral profiles of saliva and saliva with cortisol showed the existence of spectral bands present in the cortisol spectrum that do not overlap with the saliva spectra, suggesting the monitoring of these regions to determine the concentration of cortisol in saliva samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed the formation of groups of samples, differentiating them in relation to the levels of cortisol concentration, proposing the methodology as a qualitative analysis of salivary cortisol levels. Finally, the analysis of the PCA loadings graph together with the attribution of the mass load ratios suggest the ions 363 m / z, 385 m / z and 747 m / z as markers to be used in a multiple linear adjustment in order to quantify the concentration of cortisol in saliva samples. The PS-MS technique proved to be efficient and promising for the real-time determination of salivary cortisol levels without using any sample preparation step. Starting from a volume of only 5.0 µL of sample, placed directly on the equipment's sampler, it was possible to obtain the identification by analyzing the mass spectrum in a time of approximately 45 seconds.
Avaliação dos testes de resistência em luvas de látex utilizadas em procedimentos odontológicos.
(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Beserra, Leidiana Viana; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins da
In clinical practice, professional activities are subject to various occupational risks, among which biological risks stand out for involving pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and parasites. These agents can invade the body via cutaneous, digestive, and/or respiratory routes, manifesting according to the individual’s immune response. To ensure safe practice and minimize potential contamination, biosafety measures include adopting rigorous protocols and using Personal Protective Equipment such as latex gloves. However, these products can present variations in quality and mechanical resistance among different brands, which compromises the safety of professionals and patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of latex procedure gloves used in dental clinics, focusing on their mechanical resistance and impermeability. Four brands were analyzed through visual inspection and integrity testing, impermeability testing, and tensile strength tests, which made it possible to determine the maximum force, maximum tension, and elongation before rupture. Dimensional tests revealed no significant difference in glove length among the manufacturers, and width remained consistent, with no notable differences between brands A and D. In the impermeability test, deformation was observed in all brands, with gloves A and B showing no tears, while gloves C had multiple holes and gloves D exhibited leakage near the cuff. Regarding tensile strength, a good stretching capacity before rupture was found, with a maximum force ranging from 12.16 N to 17.94 N (mean of 14.86±2.45 N) and a maximum tension ranging from 38.30 MPa to 56.52 MPa (mean of 46.81±7.76 MPa). Elongation values ranged from 907.04% to 1137.21%, with a mean of 1037.32±89.20%, indicating differences in performance among the analyzed brands and underscoring the importance of carefully selecting products with proven quality control. It is concluded that significant differences exist in terms of impermeability and mechanical resistance of latex gloves, emphasizing the need for a thorough evaluation of these materials to ensure the safety of professionals and patients, thereby helping reduce biological risks in clinical practice and serving as a basis for future research on the quality of this personal protective equipment.
Avaliação in vitro do potencial antimicrobiano e da viabilidade celular de diferentes concentrações de Ozonioterapia
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Morais, Jynani Pichara; Assis, Lívia; Tim, Carla Roberta
Cutaneous wound is a clinical condition with high prevalence and represents a public health problem. Although ozone therapy (O3), ozone therapy, is widely used in clinical practice due to its antimicrobial and restorative effects, evidence on ideal dosimetries is still scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare, in vitro, the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of ozone therapy in keratinocyte (NOK) and fibroblast (L929) lines, as well as the antimicrobial potential for Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). NOK and L929 cells were seeded at a concentration of 1x104 and strains of gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and gram negative bacteria E. coli at a concentration of 1x108 and divided into 7 experimental groups treated with ozone at doses of 0 (G0), 5 (G5), 10 (G10), 20 (G20), 30 (G30), 40 (G40) and 50 μg/mL (G50). The effect of ozone on cell viability/cytotoxicity was determined using the alamarBlue® assay, the Live/Dead® assay, and morphometric analysis of the percentage of live and dead cells. The effect of the gas on the microorganisms was evaluated by counting the colony forming unit (CFU). The results obtained show that ozone at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL presented the highest viability values of NOK (keratinocytes) and L929 (fibroblasts) cells, as well as a higher density and percentage of live cells in the experimental period of 72 hours when compared to other concentrations. However, it was not possible to observe the difference between the percentage of dead cells between the experimental groups. Furthermore, ozone promoted a reduction in CFUs at all concentrations tested. With the results obtained in the present study, it is possible to confirm the reparative potential of ozone therapy in a dose-dependent response, as well as its antimicrobial potential. However, studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts such biological effects.
Caracterização bioquímica da urina de pacientes diabéticos e pacientes hipertensos por Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR-ATR)
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Gonçalves, Anderson; Martin, Airton Abrahão
The evaluation of biological fluids by optical techniques has shown great importance in the diagnosis or monitoring of several pathologies. In this context, the evaluation of urine can provide several biochemical information, which when associated with the patient's clinical condition, allows to find markers for the disease or understand its behavior. In addition, urinary material is easy to be collected, which, in most cases, is a quick and non-invasive process. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the urinary material of healthy, diabetes mellitus and hypertension participants, to understand the possible biochemical changes present in each case. For this purpose, 65 urine samples from 20 healthy patients (SAU), 20 diabetic patients (DIA) and 25 hypertensive patients (HAS) were evaluated. The equipment used was an ALPHA’s Platinum ATR System spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) equipped with an ATR unit. The urine samples, after being homogenized and at room temperature, were inserted on the equipment's diamond crystal and the signal was acquired with 32 scans at a wavelength of 1000 - 4000 cm-1 , with a resolution of 4 cm-1 . After signal acquisition, all spectra were pre-processed with the background subtraction and normalized by the urea peak (1468 cm-1 ). The data were initially evaluated by the spectral averages of each group for the identification and choice of the main biochemical components to be evaluated, followed by the calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) using the second derivative spectra of these same components. The statistical methods used were the Student's T Test and the Mann Whitney test, always considering the normal data distribution. The p value used in the study to verify statistical significance was p ≤ 0.05. The results obtained showed changes in the concentration of glucose, proteins, lipids, carboxymethylisin (CML) and urea. All of these elements showed increases and/or decreases in concentration between groups, depending on the peaks evaluated. Despite the different concentrations observed between the groups for the biochemical components evaluated, statistically differences were found only in the glucose concentration between the HAS x DIA groups (p = 0.014), in the CML concentration between the HAS x SAU groups (p = 0.012) and in the concentration of lipids between the HAS and DIA groups (p = 0.031). Thus, we have shown that evaluation of urine as a source of information through the FTIR technique allowed us to understand and find differences between various biochemical components in samples from healthy, diabetic and hypertensive individuals. In addition, this type of analysis may, in the future, be widely used, in order to identify the concentration of marker elements, enabling a faster diagnosis or follow-up for many pathologies.
Caracterização de Eletroencefalograma utilizando análise de quantificação da recorrência
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Mendes, Antônio de Pádua; Santos, Laurita dos; Rybarczyk Filho, José Luiz
The application of techniques for processing, analyzing and extracting features of electroencephalographic signals collaborate in understanding brain activities. Based on this, we can also mention the creation of diagnostic and monitoring tools allowing the development of brain-computer interface devices. Among the diagnostic tools there are several mathematical methods that can be considered, such as, the spectral analysis of the signal using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In this study we investigated the applicability of a non-linear method already known for the analysis of biomedical signals and its comparison with a conventional analysis method, the FFT. The recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was used as a method to characterize the alpha rhythm of electroencephalogram signals during the Berger effect (eyes closed). Electroencephalogram signals were obtained from 60 study participants, of both sexes, were analyzed using the electrodes of the occipital region (O1 and O2). The experimental protocol involved two distinct moments: rest (eyes open) and activity (eyes closed). For the application of the non-linear method, the optimized value for the parameters (time delay, embedding dimension and threshold) were obtained for classification. After parameterization, 9 measurements were obtained: recurrence rate, determinism, average of diagonal line, Shannon entropy, laminarity, trapping time, clustering coefficient, transitivity and maximum size of vertical lines. The results found were compared with results of the FFT, which considered as the gold standard of analysis. This combination was performed by multivariate analysis of principal components analysis. The results suggested that the use of RQA is capable of detecting significant statistical differences between the moments studied and that some RQA features may contribute to the analysis provided by the FFT. Thus, the RQA method can be considered for the analysis of alpha rhythm during the Berger effect. For future work, other brain regions can be studied and the methodology extended to analyze other brain waves during the performance of more complex activities.
Caracterização e padronização bioquímica de bactérias (ATCC) de interesse clínico para dermatite atópica: espectrocospia Raman
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Oliveira, Rogério Philippov de; Martin, Airton Abrahão; Téllez-Soto, Cláudio Alberto; Khouri, Sonia
The present work deals with the analysis and characterization of the most important microorganisms related to intact skin and in patients affected by atopic dermatitis (AD). During the course of this research, it was proposed to observe the behavior and mechanisms of action of colonizing microorganisms involved in skin tissue damaged by AD and the consequent loss of philagrin with changes in the skin barrier. The analyzes were performed by collection with a disposable loop directly from the colonies in the cultures in Petri dishes. Four microorganisms were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, namely ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) strains of Staphylococcus aureus-25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis-12228, Streptococcus pyogenes-19615 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10145. Through 2nd derivatives, the Raman spectra showed different characteristics in relation to the protein and lipid content among the four bacteria analyzed. Statistical methods such as spectral mean and standard deviation, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and Ward's Dendogram were also applied, in which all showed low dispersion and discrepancy in their data. The methodology employed can show the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy applied to biological samples as a tool for determining the skin barriers integrity and presenting paths for the future development of new drugs, lotions or ointments in helping the treatment of patients affected by atopic dermatitis resulting from microbial biofilms.
Comparação da liberação do fármaco Aciclovir carreado em sistemas microestruturados formados a base de Quitosana
(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Silva, Bruno Batista da; Costa, Adriana Pavinatto da
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are caused by two types of viruses, type 1 (HSV 1) and type 2 (HSV-2), being endemic worldwide and a frequent public health concern. For treatment, the drug of first choice is Acyclovir, which acts by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, however, its topical use in the form of ointments requires frequent application to achieve the desired efficacy, as it has low permeation. In this context, the use of biomaterials as a carrier in the controlled release of drugs is an interesting alternative in the health area, to improve permeation and avoid toxic effects. Among the most used biopolymers, chitosan stands out due to its high potential for applications in several areas and for being a selectively permeable material, being a good candidate for the release of topically administered drugs. In this context, in the present work, different microstructures formed based on chitosan were produced and characterized, namely: membranes, capsules and membrane + capsule for encapsulation and release of the drug Acyclovir. The membranes were produced using the casting technique (solvent evaporation) of thin film formation and the capsules were obtained through ionotropic crosslinking, using Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinking agent. The microstructures and/or the starting materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mass loss and gain through water absorption tests, mechanical stress versus deformation tests and release tests. The microstructures that showed better stability in drug encapsulation were capsules and the system composed of membrane + capsules. As for the release assay, the microstructure that presented the best result was the one composed of membrane + capsules, modulating the release in 1 hour and 20 minutes, with peak concentration at 2 hours. As for the membrane and capsule systems, both had the same conventional release profile, with the entire drug concentration being released between 15 and 20 minutes.