Engenharia Biomédica

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/33

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Achados de ultrassonografia 3D com Power Doppler em pacientes com sangramento uterino pós menopausa – uma revisão sistemática de literatura com metanálise
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Domiciniano, Fabiana Alvarez; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Navarro, Ricardo Scarparo
Introduction: Recently, 3D ultrasound findings with Power Doppler have been introduced as a diagnostic tool for Endometrial Cancer (EC). With this in mind, the main objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the findings of ultrasound power doppler - Endometrial Volume (LV), Vascular Flow Index (IFV), Vascularization Index (IV) and Flow Index (IF) - to determine whether these parameters can improve the detection of FB and estimate, from a meta-analysis, the combined mean values of these parameters for patients with benign and malignant findings. Method: We conducted a systematic review according to the preferred reporting item guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA) limited to the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages of studies published between January 2000 and January 2020. A combined estimate of the median The overall findings of the US with Power Doppler of patients in the benign and malignant group were calculated using a random effects model with inverse variance weighting and visualized using a Forest Plot. Results: 6 studies were included in this meta-analysis which resulted in a total of 652 women with uterine bleeding in the post-menopausal period. The combined mean endometrial volume estimate for women with benign findings was 4.51 mL (95% CI 3.10 - 5.91). The combined mean estimate for malignant findings was 8.42 mL (95% CI 6.11 - 10.74). The combined mean of VI in the benign group was 4.04 (95% CI 2.05 - 6.04) while in the malignant group it was 14.04 (95% CI 10.65 - 17.43). For the flow index, the combined mean for the benign group was 21.67 (95% CI 16.95 - 26.38). The combined mean for malignant findings was 27.84 (95% CI 22.78 - 32.90). Finally, for the VFI the combined mean for the endometriums with malignancy findings was 4.458 (95% CI 1.41 - 7.49). A statistically significant difference was found between the combined mean of the groups (p <0.001). Conclusion: To date, this is the first study that has proposed to estimate average values of 3D ultrasound findings with Power Doppler from the combination of studies described in the literature and it is also the first specific systematic review to include all data from the US 3D Power Doppler The combined average estimate of each of these parameters is extremely important for clinical practice.
Caracterização e padronização bioquímica de bactérias (ATCC) de interesse clínico para dermatite atópica: espectrocospia Raman
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Oliveira, Rogério Philippov de; Martin, Airton Abrahão; Téllez-Soto, Cláudio Alberto; Khouri, Sonia
The present work deals with the analysis and characterization of the most important microorganisms related to intact skin and in patients affected by atopic dermatitis (AD). During the course of this research, it was proposed to observe the behavior and mechanisms of action of colonizing microorganisms involved in skin tissue damaged by AD and the consequent loss of philagrin with changes in the skin barrier. The analyzes were performed by collection with a disposable loop directly from the colonies in the cultures in Petri dishes. Four microorganisms were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, namely ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) strains of Staphylococcus aureus-25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis-12228, Streptococcus pyogenes-19615 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10145. Through 2nd derivatives, the Raman spectra showed different characteristics in relation to the protein and lipid content among the four bacteria analyzed. Statistical methods such as spectral mean and standard deviation, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and Ward's Dendogram were also applied, in which all showed low dispersion and discrepancy in their data. The methodology employed can show the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy applied to biological samples as a tool for determining the skin barriers integrity and presenting paths for the future development of new drugs, lotions or ointments in helping the treatment of patients affected by atopic dermatitis resulting from microbial biofilms.
Sífilis em gestantes: uma análise espacial no território Vale do Rio Guaribas/PI
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Leal, Antonia Lucimary de Sousa; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta; Navarro, Ricardo Scarparo
Syphilis is a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) that is easy to diagnose. Its treatment is carried out in a simple and freeway, guaranteed by the Unified Health System (SUS), however, it still presents itself as a public health problem, due to its high incidence, associated comorbidities and, above all, due to its magnitude, mainly when presented in pregnant women, gestational syphilis (SG). Therefore, conducting a spatial analysis of this condition becomes relevant because it allows the exact determination of the geographic space where SG has a smaller and greater distribution within the studied territory, for this the compulsory notification acts as a thermometer indicating where there is a need for disease control, since the pregnant woman with syphilis not treated properly and in a timely manner can transmit the disease vertically to the fetus: Congenital Syphilis (SC), which can cause spontaneous abortion, premature birth, fetal and neonatal death, fetal malformation, deafness , blindness and mental disability. This research aims to analyze the distribution of cases of SG in the territory of Vale do Rio Guaribas/PI, from 2008 to 2018. It is an epidemiological survey with a spatial approach to the cases notified in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases ( SINAN). The data found were tabulated in the Excel program and presented in tables, graphs and a map was designed to view the SG scenario in the Vale do Rio Guaribas / PI Territory. The survey included all SG notifications. In the graphs, tables and map presented, it is feasible to observe the current scenario of SG distribution in the various municipalities that make up the Vale do Rio Guaribas/PI territory and to score a larger cluster of SG cases in the municipality of Picos, with high rates of detection proving efficient in the notification of the disease. However, many municipalities did not present any notification of the disease, suggesting, therefore, underreporting of cases. In several municipalities, there is a lower number of SG notifications than that of congenital syphilis (SC), evidencing the underreporting of SG. The study showed that municipalities have priority in their work, as they are at risk for the occurrence of the disease, making it necessary to raise the awareness of managers, training and health education of this population and health professionals
Atividade antibiofilme de nanofibras de policaprolactona/polietilenoglicol/gelatinametacrilamida
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Soares, Nara Silva; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta; Lobo, Anderson de Oliveira
One of the biggest challenges in relation to the healing of chronic wounds is the microbial infection caused by biofilms resistant to antibiotics that can increase the cost in public health. In this study we report the antibacterial effect of the union of the three polymeric biomaterials such as polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin-methacrylamide (GelMA), by electrospinning. PCL:PEG:GelMA was first modified with glycidyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMAC) in an attempt to add a quaternary amine group. We characterize the morphology and chemical structure of the fibers. The biofilms of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis evaluated the antibacterial activity of scaffolds. The addition of this group of quaternary amines increased the positive charge available to react with the negatively charged bacterial cells, causing further disruption in the bacterial cells and therefore increasing their antibacterial activity.
Análise temporal da incidência de hanseníase e suas reações em Cáceres-MT
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dias, Bárbara Klein Bisinella Dias; Amaral, Marcelo Magri; Cortela, Denise Costa
Leprosy is a highly prevalent infectious disease in tropical regions and in low to medium income countries, with social inequality and poverty being important risk factors. As it is a contagious infectious disease whose prolonged contact is a primary factor for the transmission of this communicating pathway, the analysis of the distribution of the disease and its determinants in populations, space and time are fundamental aspects. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence of leprosy and its reactions in an endemic area of the disease. This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional cut, with data obtained from the Health Surveillance Database, from the National Medical Service System, in the municipality of Cáceres between 2008 to 2018. The variables analyzed were: sex, age, type of leprosy (Paucibacillary or Multibacillary), type of leprosy reaction and location of the notified patient for geoprocessing. In all, 398 cases were reported, 59.11% were male, mean age 44,7 ± 16,9 years and the most common clinical form was multibacillary (53,3%), mostly male (58,8%). Of the total, 50 patients had leprosy reactions, 46% of which were type 1, 36% of type 2 and 18% had both type 1 and type 2 reactions. The neighborhoods with the highest incidence of cases were Rodeio, Vitória Régia, Cavalhada 3 and Jardim Guanabara. From the use of geoprocessing in individuals diagnosed with leprosy, it was possible to find areas with a higher density of cases, which helps in directing public policies for treatment and prevention of the disease.
Avaliação dos níveis de cortisol em saliva artificial por espectrometria de massas
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dias, Ana Rosa Escórcio; Mendes, Thiago de Oliveira
Measurement of the level of cortisol in biological fluids is used in some diagnoses. Currently, one of the most used analytical techniques to measure its levels is mass spectrometry (MS), with wide application in the most varied areas of science. The objective of this study was to propose a method of rapid analysis, without sample preparation, to assess the level of cortisol in a saliva sample using the mass spectrometry technique by paper spray ionization and multivariate analysis. Thus, mass spectra in the region of 100-800 m / z were acquired with a Thermo Fisher Scientific LCQ FLEET model equipped with a low-resolution Ion Trap mass analyzer. The presence of cortisol in an artificial saliva sample was determined by the presence of 363 m / z, 385 m / z, 725 m / z and 747 m / z ions characteristic of the cortisol molecule. The comparison of the spectral profiles of saliva and saliva with cortisol showed the existence of spectral bands present in the cortisol spectrum that do not overlap with the saliva spectra, suggesting the monitoring of these regions to determine the concentration of cortisol in saliva samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed the formation of groups of samples, differentiating them in relation to the levels of cortisol concentration, proposing the methodology as a qualitative analysis of salivary cortisol levels. Finally, the analysis of the PCA loadings graph together with the attribution of the mass load ratios suggest the ions 363 m / z, 385 m / z and 747 m / z as markers to be used in a multiple linear adjustment in order to quantify the concentration of cortisol in saliva samples. The PS-MS technique proved to be efficient and promising for the real-time determination of salivary cortisol levels without using any sample preparation step. Starting from a volume of only 5.0 µL of sample, placed directly on the equipment's sampler, it was possible to obtain the identification by analyzing the mass spectrum in a time of approximately 45 seconds.
Perfil epidemiológico de abortamentos espontâneos na região Sudoeste de Mato Grosso - proposição de um novo fluxograma de atendimento
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dalbem, Catarina Maria Mesquita Garcia; Fávero, Priscila Pereira
Introduction: Spontaneous abortion is an important public health problem, usually occurring in first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and is often underreported in current literature. In Brazil, there is currently no flowchart for the care of patients diagnosed with initial pregnancy undergoing abortion recommended by the Ministry of Health. Objective: Analyze the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with spontaneous abortion in the Southwest region of Mato Grosso between January 2018 at July 2019 and to propose a flow chart of care for these patients. Method: Cross-sectional study based on the analysis of the medical records of pregnant women admitted to the obstetrics service of a reference hospital in the Southwest region of Mato Grosso. Clinical and epidemiological data were analyzed and the incidence rate of early abortions was calculated. Data were only collected and analyzed after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Brasil, under opinion No. 3,658,979. Results: 348 patients were included in the study. The mena age was 29.36 years, the most common ethnicity was brown (87.64%) and 56% of the patients were single. The incidence rate of abortions in the period of 2018 was 54.5 cases per 1,000 live births, the highest rates were observed in the older population, 40 to 49 years (113.2 cases / 1,000 live births). Several data regarding the epidemiological profile were missing from the medical record. Once the incompleteness of information and the importance of this data was verified, as well as the systematization of data collection in the medical records of patients hospitalized with this diagnosis, a flowchart of screening and care for these patients was proposed.
O impacto da realização do pré-natal nas condições clínicas de nascimento dos recém-nascidos atendidos no Hospital de São Luiz em Cáceres – MT
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Pieroni, Luiz Carlos; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Oliveira, Helder Cássio de
Prenatal care throughout the gestational period brings numerous health benefits to the pregnant woman; however, this is crucial for a healthy birth to occur for the newborn. At this stage, all care provided to the mother is necessary to guarantee the baby a problem-free development. However, the institution of prenatal care is not yet offered to all pregnant women, as recommended by the Ministry of Health. The lack of monitoring of pregnant women by professionals trained during prenatal care can prevent the detection of diseases or changes that will influence the outcome of childbirth and birth. Thus, conducting studies that assess the form of prenatal care with the characteristics of the newborn is of great importance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical aspects of the birth of the babies of the study participants to correlate them with the type of prenatal care performed in the city of Cáceres - MT. The evaluation was performed by collecting information from the medical records of pregnant women who progressed to labor in a public hospital in the city of Cáceres - MT, present in the files of the hospital's obstetrics sector, as well as in the newborn's clinical information, contained in the hospital's pediatrics notes book. Data analysis was performed to classify the type of prenatal care according to the Kessner Index modified by Takeda (TAKEDA, 1993), in addition to the data recommended by the Ministry of Health, correlating the clinical characteristics of births with the type of prenatal care performed by the mother. The data were analyzed using multivariate analyses, in addition to the application of the chi-square test to obtain the level of significance (p <0.05) between the variables studied. Among the 600 newborns evaluated, according to the Kessner index, 64% were born from mothers with adequate prenatal care, 12.2% from inadequate ones and 20.6% from mothers with intermediate prenatal care. By the parameters of the Ministry of Health, 58.7% of the 600 newborns were born from mothers with adequate prenatal care, 15.8% from mothers with inadequate prenatal care and 22.3% with intermediate prenatal care. In both assessments, 2.2% were born from mothers without any attention during pregnancy, and 1% had their information ignored when filling out the medical record. Thus, it is expected that this study provides information so that it can establish a link between the characteristics of newborns after birth, with the type of prenatal care instituted with mothers assisted in a public hospital in the municipality of Cáceres - Mato Grosso, always aiming to improve the whole process.
O impacto da realização do pré-natal no desfecho da gestação em no Hospital São Luiz em Cáceres – MT
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Pires, Flavia Garcia; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Oliveira, Helder Cássio de
Prenatal care performed throuhout pregnancy is of great importance in terms of ensuring maternal and newborn health. The whole approach taken with the pregnant woman has the principle of raising her awareness of aspects related to pregnancy, as well as carrying out various assessments that guarantee her health. However, the way in which this assistance is offered to the population can vary due to numerous factors, such as adequate professional training and sociodemographic factors. Thus, it is important to establish ways of classifying or evaluating how the service is offered with a focus on improving it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the form of prenatal care offered in the city of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, to identify possible points to be improved, as well as to associate the outcome of pregnancy with the type of prenatal care performed. For this, pregnant women who were admitted to the hospital and progress to labor in a public hospital in the city of Cáceres - MT were evaluated. The evaluation was carried out by the information collected from the medical record of the pregnant woman present in the files of the obstetrics sector of the evaluated hospital. Data analysis was performed to classify the type of prenatal care according to the Kessner Index modified by Takeda (TAKEDA, 1993), in addition to the data recommended by the Ministry of Health (2002, 2006), correlating the outcome of pregnancy with the type of prenatal care performed. The data were analyzed using multivariate analyses, in addition to the application of the chi-square test to obtain the level of significance (p <0.05) between the variables studied. It was possible to observe through the Kessner Index that of the 596 pregnant women evaluated, 63.8% had prenatal care classified as adequate, 12.2% inadequate and 20.8% as intermediaries, since they did not meet all the requirements to be classified as adequate or inadequate. According to the parameters of the Ministry of Health, of the 596 pregnant women, 58.4% had adequate prenatal care, 15.9% inadequate and 22.5% intermediate. In both cases, 2.2% of the pregnant women did not perform any assistance during pregnancy, and 1% had their information ignored when filling out the medical record. Thus, it is expected that this study will serve as a parameter to identify how prenatal care is being carried out in the public hospital in the municipality of Cáceres - Mato Grosso, allowing the improvement of this procedure, if necessary, always aiming at ensuring the health of pregnant women and newborns, in addition to serving as a parameter for the evaluation of prenatal care in other places in the country.
Plasma rico em plaquetas: investigação da efetividade de diferentes protocolos para aplicação em pé diabético
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Cruz, Cecília Penha Dall'orto; Tim, Carla Roberta; Assis, Lívia
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized as a metabolic disorder of persistent hyperglycemia. Diabetic foot is one of the first complications identified in diabetic patients and causes major negative manifestations in their quality of life. These wounds are prone to infection, and when, moderate or severe, they suffer some level of limb amputation. Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) is a biological product produced from an autologous blood centrifugation process, allowing plasma extraction with a concentration of three to five times higher than that of platelets without basal blood. In this perspective, this study aimed at a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of different PRP recovery protocols for wound treatment and to verify the feasibility of PRP recovery protocols by varying the strength / speed and the centrifugation time. For this purpose, a search was performed in the articles of the Virtual Health Library (VHL) with the descriptors in English and Portuguese “chronic ulcers, Platelet-rich plasma, Deep Soft Tissue Repair, Chronic Wounds, Wound Healing, Regenerative Medicine, Therapeutics and wound healing. Use a combination of descriptors as a search strategy. The publication period was delimited between the years 2010 to 2019. Other productions that were not included in the scientific article category were excluded, such as thesis, dissertations as well as inconclusive work, case reports, review of narrative literature and study on animals. 66 articles were selected, after exclusion, only 13 composite articles or corpus of the study. In 61.5 % of the studies, a PRP autologous gel application was used; and 38.4 % opted for injecting PRP, either subcutaneously or intradermally. Total of 13 studies analyzed, all proven that the PRP assist in the healing and tissue regeneration process. In 23 % of the studies analyzed there was an investigation of the pain variable, with improvements in it and in the patient's quality of life. Clinical trials continue to be of great importance for the case in question, as well as the analysis of systematic literature for recruiting information and increasing the occurrence of subjects. PRP has a great optional therapeutic potential in the treatment and healing process of chronic ulcers. Therefore, the second study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the reproduction of two PRP recovery protocols, varying strength / speed and centrifugation time. Twenty trained volunteers were recruited, with platelet count within the reference range 150 - 450.10/³ uL. Two different centrifuges were used to prepare the PRP: 1) CE1161 digital laboratory model centrifuge, adjustable speed - 0 to 5000 rpm with a radius of 14 cm and fixed rotor; with 10 patients; 2) Kasvi digital mod. Ce800, adjustable speed from 100 to 4000 rpm with a radius of 14 cm and variable angle, with 10 patients. The present study found that the preparation of the PRP using the highest force / speed and the centrifugation time, promoting the concentration of coatings statistically higher when compared to the protocol of lower force / speed. It was not possible to reproduce the protocols in different centrifuges. The results pointed out beyond the force of gravity and the centrifugation time, or the rotor angle can also influence the preparation of the PRP.
Análise de aberrações ópticas em olhos pseudofácicos opacificação após capsulotomia posterior por YAG laser
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Silva, Odenilson; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de
The posterior lens capsule opacification after cataract surgery is the most common complication and the treatment is performed with the use of ND: YAG laser capsulotomy. The aims of this research is to study high-order optical aberrations in patients with pseudophakic eyes, with posterior capsule opacification, before and after posterior YAG Laser capsulotomy. Experimental, longitudinal, quantitative and prospective clinical study approved by the Research Ethics Committee, according to the opinion nº 3.732.939 CAAE: 24984919.3.0000.5494 where the wavefront aberrations were measured with an aberrometer (OPD III Nidek), immediately before da Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, and in 15 days after the procedure. The aberration values were converted to Log on base 10 and the comparison of means was performed with the Student's t test for paired samples. The relationships (post and pre capsulotomy) of the aberrations (spherical, coma and trefoil) were compared between groups of degrees of opacification by an ANOVA and when statistically significant, the Tukey Post-Hoc test was performed. 72 pseudophakic eyes were evaluated, being 15 eyes with grade I opacification, 19 eyes with grade II opacification, 22 eyes with grade III opacification and 16 eyes with grade IV opacification. When comparing total aberrations, the Wilcoxon test confirmed a statistically significant reduction in total trefoil aberrations in grade I; grade II trefoil; spherical, coma and trefoil in grade III and coma and trefoil in grade IV. As for internal aberrations in the eyes with grade I opacification, a statistically significant reduction in the averages of coma and trefoil aberrations was found, in grade II in coma aberrations, while in grade III and IV opacifications a significant reduction in coma and trefoil. One-way ANOVA showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre-capsulotomy ratio for spherical aberrations [F (3.60) = 1.205; p = 0.316]. For coma aberrations, ANOVA also showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre capsulotomy ratio [F (3.60) = 0.190; p = 0.903]. Likewise, for coma aberrations, the test showed no effect of the degree of opacification [F (3.60) = 0.796; p = 0.501]. It is concluded that after analysis in the four opacification groups it was possible to observe a numerical decrease in the average total of the measurements of all total aberrations after the posterior capsulotomy by YAG laser, as well as for the internal aberrations.
Desenvolvimento de uma manta de LEDs em formato de fita ajustável para aplicações de terapia de fotobiomodulação
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Silva Filho, Francisco do Nascimento; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins da; Ferraresi, Cléber
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are photobiomodulatory devices formed by solid semiconductors joined together and that generate a reliable and high power light source in narrow ranges of light bands (between 20-50 nm) and that have been gaining prominence in the context of health and aesthetics. In this context, the objective of the work was to develop an LED strip in an adjustable ribbon format for photobiomodulation applications and an application (App) for mobile device and equipment control via Bluetooth. The device was formed by an irradiation blanket, electronic control equipment using the Arduino platform and the control app with an MIT App Inventor for Android software interface (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Based on what was found in this study, it appears that the development of an LED mat for this purpose proved to be feasible. It was also observed that the features of the App were compatible with the platform in question. Thus, the present research found that the LED blanket developed with photobiomodulation proved to be viable, and future work is essential, adding new features and functions, optimizing its usability to professionals working in the aesthetic and physical education fields.
Desenvolvimento de um Hidrogel à base de Laponita com liberação controlada de oxigênio para aplicações em feridas cutâneas infectadas
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Costa Neto, Almiro Mendes da; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta; Lobo, Anderson de Oliveira
Skin wounds are a worldwide problem with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly when infection occurs. The most common pathogens are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In tissue repair, control of bacterial colonization is essential. Biomaterials are used in this process, among them, hydrogels with nanoparticles. This work aims at the production of hydrogel based on laponite with controlled release of oxygen for application in infected skin wounds. Many clays are added to polymers to improve their properties, among them, Laponite of formula Na + 0.7 [(Si8Mg5.5Li0.3) O20 (OH) 4]. Substances have been associated with hydrogels to be released into wounds, including oxides in aqueous media. This is an experimental, descriptive and quantitative study verifying in vitro the bactericidal activity of laponite hydrogel with calcium peroxide (CPO) releasing oxygen. E. Coli and S. Aureus were grown. They were formulated in 9% laponite hydrogels with 5% CPO, 10% and 20% laponite. The bactericidal activity of the hydrogels was verified by the size of the inhibitory halo, in millimeters. The relationship between the size of the inhibitory halos and the concentrations was verified through Pearson's Correlation with a significance level of 5%. During the first 5h, the CPO hydrogels in laponite showed increased oxygen release. Considering the release of oxygen present in the hydrogel, dispersing through the medium and inhibiting microbial growth, it was possible to observe the formation of inhibition halos in all tested concentrations. The results showed that the three formulations of 9% laponite containing calcium peroxide were able to inhibit microbial growth by 100%, with halos greater than 9 mm against both bacterial strains. Against S. aureus, it was found that the correlation between the size of the inhibitory halos and the activity of the hydrogels at different concentrations showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). Against E. coli there is a strong correlation between the size of the inhibitory halos and the highest concentrations of hydrogel, particularly at 10%, which showed a statistically significant difference. Laponite acted as an efficient barrier to oxygen and showed antomicrobial activities and the hydrogel produced was a potential candidate for the treatment of infections and healing of skin wounds.
Diagnóstico de alterações refracionais em crianças com microcefalia, presumidamente por síndrome congênita do Zika vírus, na região oeste do estado do Mato Grosso
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Miura, Heloisa; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Oliveira, Helder Cássio de
Refractive errors are among the most common vision disorders in childhood. The objective of this study is to diagnose refractive errors in microcephaly’s children, presumably due to Zika virus congenital syndrome, in western Mato Grosso. Clinical, cross-sectional and observational study, approved by the research ethics committee under the opinion nº 3.825.537 CAAE: 26629819.6.0000.5494 was performed an active search for patients with microcephaly treated at the Specialized Rehabilitation Center in Cáceres city, a reference in multiprofessional microcephally care in western Mato Grosso. Ophthalmological assessments were made of 30 children with microcephaly presumably due to congenital Zika virus syndrome, 14 males and 16 females with a mean age at the time of assessment of 2 years and 4 months. The children were referred to an ophthalmologist, where anamnesis was performed, a refractive examination by retinoscope equipament and schioscopy’s rules, using cyclopentolate eye drops. After the diagnosis of refractive errors, glasses were prescribed. It was possible to diagnose refractive errors in 96,7% of the cases, the most found refractive error was astigmatism, diagnosed in 45 eyes, followed by hyperopia in 43 eyes and, finally, a myopia diagnosed in 12 eyes. Thus it is concluded that the diagnosis of refractive errors was found in all 30 children, the absence of diagnosis and treatment can negatively affect the child development of this population; thus, public policies for early and continuous ophthalmological monitoring maximizes the visual quality and, consequently, the quality of life of patients and their families.
Efeitos agudos da terapia de fotobiomodulação sobre a glicemia e a concentração de glicogênio muscular de ratos
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Castro, Kenia Mendes Rodrigues; Ferraresi, Cleber; Soto, Carlos Alberto Tellez
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has many effects on the energetic metabolism of musculoskeletal tissue, such as increased glycogen synthesis. However, these effects can systemic, such as glycemic control. The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) by LEDs (light-emitting diodes) on glycemic levels and muscle glycogen concentration in non-diabetic rats. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the acute effects of 4 doses of PBM (dose-response: sham, 10 J/cm2, 30 J/cm2, 60 J/cm2) on glycemic levels in rats over 6 hours (time-response: pre irradiation,1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours) after irradiation; and to evaluate the acute effects of dose-response of PBM on muscle glycogen levels in rats after 24 hours of irradiation.Finally, to correlate glycemic modulations with muscle glycogen concentrations after applying 4 different doses of PBM. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly and equally allocated to four groups: sham (placebo therapy), PBM 10J/cm2, PBM 30J/cm2, and FBM 60 J/cm2. The animals fasted for 6 hours. Feeding was interrupted immediately before PBM. Evaluations of glucose level were performed at pre-irradiation times (immediately before PBM), 1h, 3h and 6h. Muscle glycogen synthesis was measured 24 hours after PBM. PBM used an arrangement of 69 LEDs (light-emitting diodes) with 35 reds (630 ± 10 nm) and 34 infrared (850 ± 20 nm); 114 mW/cm2 for 90 s (10J/cm2), 270s (30J/cm2), 540s (60J/cm2) applied to the back, gluteus, and hind limbs of the animals. The 10J/cm2 group showed lower glycemic variability over 6 hours (5.92 mg/dL) compared to the sham (13.03 mg/dL), 30J/cm2 (7.77 mg/dL) and PBM 60 J/cm2 (9.07 mg/dL) groups. The PBM groups had the highest increase in muscle glycogen (10 J/cm2 > 60 J/cm2 > 30 J/cm2 > sham), characterizing a three-phase dose-response to PBM. There was a strong negative correlation between glycemic variability over 6h and muscle glycogen concentration for 10J/cm2 (r= -0.94; p<0.001) followed by 30 J/cm2 (r= -0.84; p<0.001) and 60J/cm2 (r= -0.73; p<0.006). The results suggest that PBM can play a very important role in the control of glycemic levels, and its possible mechanism of action is the induction of greater muscle glycogen synthesis independent of physical exercise.
Aplicação da Espectroscopia Raman Confocal para rastreamento de um produto cosmético pela unha humana no tratamento da síndrome de unhas frágeis
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Feitosa, Mara Regina Pereira Viana Damasceno; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Martin, Airton Abrahão
Fragile nail syndrome has a high prevalence in medical offices and adherence to treatment with fortifying products is still a challenge, since, in Brazilian culture, there is a custom of fading nails weekly. In this context, the present work aims to apply Confocal Raman Spectroscopy to determine the ability of a nail-strengthening product to permeate through enamel with one and two layers and reach the nail, allowing the treatment of syndrome of fragile nails on enameled nails. For this, 05 (five)participants were selected, between men and women, aged 19 to 55 years. The permeation of the product was measured in virgin nail, with one and two layers of enamel. The product was deposited after one hour of enamel application and permeation was measured after one hour of product deposition. It was observed that the product permeates enamel and penetrates the nail up to approximately 18 μm. It was also possible to detect the presence of the main components of this product at approximately 18 μm depth in the nail. Therefore, the product crosses the enamel layer and permeates the nail facilitating the treatment in enameled nails. This result becomes promising because it provides for greater adherence of patients with pathology to treatment. The permeation in virgin nail is shown five times higher than the enameled nail with one and two layers, which proves a good permeation of the product. In this way, Raman Confocal Spectroscopy will bring subsidies to the cosmetic industry for sustaining the ability of a product to permeate the enamel layer and treat the nail.
Lasers aplicados à frenectomia em pacientes pediátricos com anquiloglossia: uma revisão sistemática da literatura com metanálise
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Nunes, José Edson Pavini; Navarro, Ricardo Scarparo
Ankyloglossia, or tongue stuck, is a condition in which the lingual frenulum is short, which can lead to problems with the nutritional suction of infants, inadequate breastfeeding, and which can cause fissures in the maternal nipples. Frenotomy or frenectomy can correct the restriction on the movement of the tongue and allow effective breastfeeding. Surgical intervention is performed with a scalpel, but in recent years the use of lasers in this procedure has increased. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of high-powered lasers applied to frenectomy in pediatric patients diagnosed with ankyloglossia. In the methodology, a systematic literature review of randomized clinical studies with a score ≥ 6 on the PEDro scale (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) published in the PubMed, Cochrane and SciELO databases was performed. Studies were selected that evaluated the application of high-powered lasers in the surgical treatment of children with ankyloglossia, according to the PRISMA guidelines, using using descriptors: Ankyloglossia x Laser descriptors; Frenectomy x Laser; Phrenectomy x Ankyloglossia; Laser x Pediatric Dentistry; Ankyloglossia x treatment; Surgical Procedures x Ankyloglossia; Surgery x Lingual Frenulum; Surgery x Ankyloglossia, from clinical studies published from 2009 to 2019. The results showed that a total of 7 clinical studies were analyzed using high-power laser (diode or CO2) in frenectomy techniques. In 401 patients who underwent lingual frenectomy, superior benefits and results of the surgical technique with high-power laser compared to the conventional one with a scalpel were observed. It can be concluded that the lingual frenectomy surgery with high power lasers provides a more efficient and comfortable treatment for the infant patient compared to the conventional method, there is no consensus on the high power laser wavelength more suitable for the procedure and irradiation parameters.
DEXA e Bioimpedância: comparação avaliativa em pacientes obesos na cidade de Cáceres, MT - Brasil
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dalbem, Cassiano Alfredo Garcia; Santos, Laurita dos
Obesity is a health problem known to increase the morbidity and mortality of individuals. Although widely used, BMI is not considered a good parameter to assess harmful levels of body fat, as it is not a good predictor of mortality. Several assessment methods have been proposed as a substitute for BMI over the years, with emphasis on the waist-to-hip ratio. Despite several articles evaluating it in a positive way, the predictive capacity of this method is still inconclusive. This study evaluates data on body components and correlates with central obesity and percentage of abdominal fat collected by BIA and DEXA equipment in a population in Cáceres - MT. The evaluated devices had similar performance, with statistical difference only between the measurements of the waist-hip ratio (p = 0.026). A non-parametric analysis of the data collected shows that waist circumference may be related to an increased risk of hypertension.
Caracterização de Eletroencefalograma utilizando análise de quantificação da recorrência
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Mendes, Antônio de Pádua; Santos, Laurita dos; Rybarczyk Filho, José Luiz
The application of techniques for processing, analyzing and extracting features of electroencephalographic signals collaborate in understanding brain activities. Based on this, we can also mention the creation of diagnostic and monitoring tools allowing the development of brain-computer interface devices. Among the diagnostic tools there are several mathematical methods that can be considered, such as, the spectral analysis of the signal using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In this study we investigated the applicability of a non-linear method already known for the analysis of biomedical signals and its comparison with a conventional analysis method, the FFT. The recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was used as a method to characterize the alpha rhythm of electroencephalogram signals during the Berger effect (eyes closed). Electroencephalogram signals were obtained from 60 study participants, of both sexes, were analyzed using the electrodes of the occipital region (O1 and O2). The experimental protocol involved two distinct moments: rest (eyes open) and activity (eyes closed). For the application of the non-linear method, the optimized value for the parameters (time delay, embedding dimension and threshold) were obtained for classification. After parameterization, 9 measurements were obtained: recurrence rate, determinism, average of diagonal line, Shannon entropy, laminarity, trapping time, clustering coefficient, transitivity and maximum size of vertical lines. The results found were compared with results of the FFT, which considered as the gold standard of analysis. This combination was performed by multivariate analysis of principal components analysis. The results suggested that the use of RQA is capable of detecting significant statistical differences between the moments studied and that some RQA features may contribute to the analysis provided by the FFT. Thus, the RQA method can be considered for the analysis of alpha rhythm during the Berger effect. For future work, other brain regions can be studied and the methodology extended to analyze other brain waves during the performance of more complex activities.
Efeitos agudos da fotobiomodulação sobre variáveis respiratórias e a capacidade funcional em tabagistas e ex-tabagistas: ensaio clínico randomizado, triplo-cego e placebo controlado
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Macedo, Thaline; Ferraresi, Cleber
Introduction: Smoking, in addition to affecting the functionality of the respiratory muscles, can increase resistance to airflow and reduce the individual's functional capacity, impairing their quality of life. Photobiomodulation (FBM) has gained prominence for being an effective resource in promoting the improvement of muscle performance in athletes and in the face of some diseases. However, studies on the acute effects of FBM on respiratory variables and functional capacity in smokers and ex-smokers are scarce in the literature. Objectives: To evaluate the acute effects of FBM applied to respiratory muscles, on lung function and respiratory muscle strength. Material and methods: A randomized, crossover, triple blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. 16 volunteers participated in the study, 10 smokers and 06 ex-smokers. All volunteers were randomly subjected to two intervention sessions: 1) an effective FBM session applied to the region of the main respiratory muscles through a cluster of 69 LEDs (light-emitting diodes) with a total power of 690 mW and energy total of 62 Joules, containing 35 LEDs in the red range (630 ± 10 nm; 10 mW; 0.2 cm2; 31.5 J) and 34 LEDs in the infrared range (830 ± 20 nm; 10 mW; 0.2 cm2; 30.6 J); irradiation time in each treatment region was 90 seconds. 2) a placebo FBM session, in which the same procedures as the effective session were followed, but the equipment did not emit light. All volunteers were assessed at 3 times: 1) pre intervention, 2) 1 hour after the intervention and 3) 24 hours after the intervention. A one-week washout was performed between the FBM and placebo sessions. All volunteers underwent pulmonary function assessment using spirometry, thoracoabdominal mobility using axillary, xiphoid and abdominal levels. In the post intervention moments, functional capacity was also assessed using the 6-minute walk test. For data analysis, a 5% significance level was adopted. Results: There were no significant differences for any of the variables of spirometric outcome, cirtometry and 6MWT minutes (p> 0.05) in the comparison between groups. Conclusion: the main results of this study showed that a single FBM session with the parameters used, applied to the respiratory muscles was not effective in improving lung function, respiratory muscle strength, thoracoabdominal mobility and functional capacity in smokers and ex-smokers.