Engenharia Biomédica
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/33
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9 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Análise frequentista e bayesiana dos casos oncológicos na cidade de Cáceres(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Chaves Júnior, Marcos Araújo; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Magalhães, Daniel Souza FerreiraThe objective of this study is to present the prevalence of cancer in the city of Cáceres- MT and region according to age, gender, topography in the period between 2016 and 2019, its relationship with the estimated national incidence, and characterization of the interdependencies of the variables studied through a network bayesian. We carried out an observational, cross-sectional study with a survey of 2.042 positive anatomopathological reports for cancer, collected from the database of the Pathology Laboratory linked to the oncological center of Cáceres. Thirty-three primary sites were identified. Non-melanoma skin cancer was the most prevalent with more than 60% of cases, but with the exception of this one, the most frequent was breast cancer, followed by uterine cervix cancer and prostate cancer. Breast cancer was the most prevalent in women, and prostate cancer in men. The age group in which cancer diagnoses were concentrated was between 60 and 79 years. Study highlights: cervical cancer, with numbers higher than expected; prostate and lung cancer with percentages lower than expected, all compared to cancer estimates for Brazil and Mato Grosso for 2023 (INCA). Finally, we structured a Bayesian network, which can act as an agile and assertive management tool, helping to make strategic decisions. This study allowed demonstrating the profile of patients diagnosed with cancer, in relation to gender, topography and age, in the city of Cáceres and region. Important information in the elaboration of public policies to modify the identified profile, and serve as a basis for new research in the region.Item O uso de relógios inteligentes na aferição de frequência cardíaca de pacientes internados com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica com Covid-19(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Vieira, Leonardo Matos; Carvalho, Jancineide de Oliveira de; Marciano, Fernanda RobertaWearable technologies become an important topic in the field of health technology for the monitoring and storage of health-related data. Pulse oximetry is the most used wearable in the continuous monitoring of vital signs. However, smart watches have been occupying a space in the portion of the population that practice physical activities with the aim of monitoring heart rate (HR) during their practice. Thus, this study infers about the use of smart watches as an instrument for measuring HR in hospitalized patients diagnosed with systemic arterial hypertension affected by covid-19. For this purpose, HR collection was carried out in 30 patients aged between 40 and 80 years old from male and female internships at Hospital de Campanha in Bacabal/MA, using a digital watch (Fitbit, charge HR) and a finger oximeter as a reference value. The devices (watch and oximeter) were placed on the left arm wrist and on the left index finger simultaneously during 30 minutes of evaluation in the patients. In addition to the HR collected by the devices, other vital signs were observed, such as blood pressure (sphygmomanometer), oxygen saturation (finger oximeter) and respiratory rate by analyzing the electrodes placed on the patients. ANOVA analyzes of variance were performed followed by Tukey's Comparison post-test and Pearson's correlation test with the aid of the GraphPadPrism version 7.0 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). The results indicated that they were patients with a mean age for the male gender of 65.00 ± 15.39 years and for the female gender of 65.91 ± 23.06 years, with a respiratory rate per minute of 20.47 ± 0.5679 and 20.6 ± 0.3754 for males and females respectively, in addition to a similarity of 83.3% in HR measurements performed with the watch (84.9 ± 4.29 bpm) in relation to those with the oximeter (88.2 ± 3.75 bpm) with a Pearson correlation for r = 0.71. It can be concluded that the smart watch can be another instrument to be taken into account during the evaluation of vital signs with the same efficiency as that verified by the oximeter.Item Terapia por fotobiomodulação em pontos de acupuntura associada ao exercício físico: implicações no tratamento de osteoartrite de joelho(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Silva, Yuri Victor Barbosa; Tim, Carla Roberta; Garcia, Lívia AssisKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common progressive degenerative joint diseases worldwide and also a major cause of disability and damage to quality of life. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) through low-level laser, isolated or in association with physical exercise has shown to be a promising treatment and with good results for several chronic diseases, including changes that affect the articular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of laser PBMT applied to acupuncture points associated with a resistance exercise protocol on the level of pain in women with OA. 23 volunteers were randomized into 2 groups: Control group (Ex): volunteers were submitted to a resistance exercise protocol; Photobiomodulation Group (ExP): volunteers were submitted to a resistance exercise protocol associated with PBMT applied in acupuncture points. The interventions were performed twice a week for a period of 6 weeks, totaling 12 sessions. The exercise program consisted of warming up, muscle strengthening (hip and knee flexors and extensors, hip adductors and adductors) and stretching of the main muscle groups of the lower limbs (lower limbs). PBMT (808 nm, 100 mW, 4 J in) was applied to 5 acupuncture points of the affected knee right after each exercise session. For assessment and reassessment, the numerical rating scale for pain (NRS) was applied; functionality and quality of life questionnaires (Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]); functionality (Lequesne); physical performance tests (Timed Up and Go [TUG], Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]), lower limb strength and endurance (30-second sit-up test). The results show that both Ex and ExP showed a lower rate of pain, higher scores in the tests of strength and endurance, in functionality, in physical performance, mobility and balance and in WOMAC to its initial rates when compared to the final ones. However, no difference was observed between the experimental groups. Thus, it can be concluded that both PBMT in specific acupuncture points in association with physical exercise, as well as applied exercise in isolated way, show analgesic effects and have positive effects on physical capacity and quality of life in patients with OA.Item Construção e validação de instrumento para consulta de enfermagem a pacientes de grupos-alvo ou com doença renal crônica na atenção primária à saúde(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Rocha, Welmer Danilo Rodrigues; Parizotto, Nivaldo AntonioThe study aimed to build and validate an instrument for nursing consultation to patients from target groups or with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Primary Health Care. This is a methodological research aimed at the construction and validation of an instrument of nursing consultation for patients from target groups or patients with Chronic Kidney Disease that contemplated the stages of the nursing process: Research, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation of Nursing Care and Evaluation, using the Basic Human Needs Theory as a reference. The study was carried out in four phases: 1. Construction of the instrument based on an integrative literature review; 2. Instrument design; 3. Recruitment of judges to participate in the study and 4. Validation of content regarding structure, presentation, clarity and relevance of the material by expert judges. Eighteen judges participated in the study. Data analysis was performed based on the Content Validation Index (CVI) and the binomial test to assess the experts' agreement and consistency in relation to the instrument's items. In the statistical analysis, the instrument's global CVI was 0.90 (95%CI: 0.86 – 0.93). When performing the binomial test to identify agreement between the evaluators, it was observed that when an agreement of 80% was stipulated, it was not possible to obtain differences between the judges. As for the evaluation of the items of the nursing consultation instrument, 94.4% (n=17) of the judges considered that all aspects of the history, nursing diagnoses and interventions and results were clear and relevant. It is concluded that the study achieved its objectives regarding the validation of contents such as structure, presentation, clarity and relevance of the material. It was found that all content contained in the instrument was considered significant for improving the quality of nursing consultations for patients from target groups or patients with CKD.Item O uso da bioimpressora 3D em traumatologia da face em imagens de tomografia computadorizada do Hospital de Urgência de Teresina-PI(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Pires, Jéssica Waleska Dias; Lobo, Anderson De Oliveira; Marciano, Fernanda RobertaWith the advancement of technology, a new feature has gained ground, especially in the area of surgery for facial fractures: three-dimensional (3D) printing. This technique allows the scientific community to approach the authenticity that the images present with better clarity, facilitating the diagnosis of medicine. Bioprint templates can be used for preoperative preparation, such as a template to establish implantable devices, eg cartilage and bone tissue to produce a biological template according to the needs of each patient, thus reducing the likelihood of rejection. Therefore, this work aims to analyze through the cross-sectional and experimental methodology the use of a 3D Bioprinter and 3D Printer of a computed tomography exam in the reconstruction of facial trauma occurred in patients at the Hospital de Urgência de Teresina/PI. A virtual model was created by CAD software in STL format, later the model was "sliced" to GCODE file. For the use of the 3D Bioprinter, tests were carried out with several types of materials, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), laponite, in addition to variations in pressure, temperature and speed parameters. Therefore, the Bioprinter was used to print the graft prototype obtained with PCL and solvent. The Laponite clay used in another impression through the 3D Bioprinter, for having a hydrophilic characteristic, had a visual aspect in the form of a gel in an aqueous solution. The facial trauma graft printed on a 3D Printer with Lactic Polyacid (PLA) presented a morphology compatible with the STL model obtained through tomography images, being an advantage of the FDM technique, as it is possible to create structures with pore and porosity geometries controllable and reproducible.Item Produção e caracterização de membranas flexíveis a base de quitosana visando o uso como plataforma de sensores e biossensores(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Pinto, Lidiane da Silva; Costa, Adriana Pavinatto da; Maciel, Homero SantiagoThe development of new platforms for (bio) sensors is a growing area of study, as well as the use of new materials in the development of flexible platforms. Among the main characteristics of this type of platform, flexibility, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity are desirable, giving the device adaptive potential, allowing it to be used even as wearable sensors. In this context, this research aimed to produce flexible membranes based on chitosan, to be used as a platform for wearable sensors. Membranes were produced using chitosan (Chi) pure or mixed with 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) through the casting technique (solvent evaporation) of film formation. Additionally, a membrane with Chi / 30% PEG and gold nanoparticles (AuNps)was developed, aimingelectric conduction. Membrane characterizations were carried out through infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), resistivity measurements (four points), mechanical tensile testing and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that homogeneous and sustainable membranes, with thickness ranging from 20 to 60 µm were obtained. FTIR spectra show the main vibrational bands for Chi, PEG and AuNps chemical groups. Resistivity tests showed that all membranes are resistive to the flow of electric current, and the added concentration of AuNps did not change this property. The use of PEG as a plasticizer improved the mechanical properties of membranes. Tensile strength tests showed that membranes formed by pure chitosan are more resistant to traction and break more easily (less displacement), as those with the addition of 10% (w / w) of PEG (Chi /PEG 10%)were effectively plasticized, proving to be more flexible.TGA curves showed good thermal stability of the membranes, and between 10 and 20% of mass was lost up to a temperature of 200ºC.These results suggest that the membrane produced with Chi/PEG 10% is a promising material for use as a flexible platform.Item Análises epidemiológica e espacial da Covid-19 no Estado do Piauí(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Macedo, Glauber Bezerra; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Tim, Carla RobertaThe emergence of a new coronavirus in humans, first diagnosed in 2019, has many deaths and serious survival and psychosocial consequences. Through statistical tools and techniques associated with geographic technologies, this ecological, analytical and exploratory study is being developed, whose general objective is to carry out epidemiological and spatial analyzes of the distribution of confirmed cases and deaths from Coronavirus 2019 disease (Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-19), in the year 2020, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The variables listed are being assigned via the IBGE and SESAPI database. All confirmed cases and deaths with COVID-19 infection that were reported in 2020 in that state were included in the study. In the epidemiological analyzes descriptive statistics were carried out and in the spatial analyses, maps are being constructed using geoprocessing techniques, through the statistical analysis of Moran Global and Local. Preliminary results showed that, in 2020, 143,179 confirmed cases and 2,840 deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported in Piauí. A higher percentage of cases was observed in relation to females, young adults, and deaths in elderly, males, with chronic diseases. The capital Piauiense led the number of cases and deaths from the disease, probably due to the high population density. However, when considering the incidence and mortality coefficients of COVID-19, the highest rates in the state were considered in the municipalities of União and Água Branca, respectively. The spatial analysis of the cases showed clusters of high-high pattern of cases of the disease in the metropolitan region of Teresina, the region between Rios and the region of Tabuleiros do Alto do Parnaíba. A high-high cluster for mortality was verified in fillings in the region of Entre Rios and Vale do Sambito. The analyzes performed provided the visualization of spatial clusters and an identification of vulnerable areas, resulting in information that was not visualized working only with tabular data.Item Influência da Terapia por Fotobiomodulação no tratamento de condições inflamatórias pulmonares e seu impacto sobre o Covid-19(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Macedo, Daniela Bezerra; Tim, Carla Roberta; Garcia, Lívia AssisToday we are facing a pandemic that continually causes high rates of deaths and catastrophic and countless economic and psychosocial consequences. Thus, this period requires a rapid search for viable procedures that can allow us to use safe and noninvasive clinical tools as prophylactic or even adjuvant methods in the treatment of COVID-19, thus constituting an important challenge to the medical clinic. Evidence shows that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is shown to attenuate the inflammatory process and reduce respiratory disorders similar to acute lung injury (ALI), complications associated with infections, such as that caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of laser PBMT on infrared length in the treatment of ALI, one of the main critical complications of COVID-19 infection, in an experimental model of rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three experimental groups (n = 8): Control (CG); LPA (LPA); LASER-treated LPA (LPAL). For the treatment, a laser equipment (808 nm; 30 mw; 1.8 J) was applied at three points (anterior region of the trachea and in the venereal regions of the thorax bilaterally) in the period of 1 and 24 hours after lpa induction. Descriptive histopathological analysis, lung injury score, analysis of the number of inflammatory cells, interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 10 levels (IL-10) were performed for treatment evaluation. In the results, it was possible to observe that the treatment reduced inflammatory infiltrates, there was thickening of the alveolar septum and the pulmonary injury score when compared to the LPA group. In addition, laser PBMT showed lower immunoexpression of IL-1β, however, it did not alter the levels of pulmonary IL-10. Thus, it can be concluded with this experimental study that infrared laser PBMT was efficient in attenuating ALI, one of the main complications of COVID-19, since it was able to reduce the inflammatory process, as well as increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.Item Utilização do aplicativo ECG do Apple Watch para medida do intervalo RR do eletrocardiograma(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Barreto, Patric Roberto Ferreira; Marciano, Fernanda RobertaRoutine laboratory tests depend on the quantitative analysis of various biomarkers and biochemical parameters in biological samples, in view of this there is a growing search for biosensors and systems in the form of wearable technologies for use in the healthcare field, given the scarcity of resources and the widespread use of 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) substitutes, some studies show a good agreement between the measurement of ECG measured on a smart watch and a 12-lead ECG, therefore the use of these technologies is promising as health assessment and monitoring devices. The work had the general objective analyzing the correlation of the RR intervals of the ECG obtained by the conventional method and by the Apple Watch's ECG, measuring the RR intervals identified between two QRS complexes selected in the ECG records, identifying the presence of P waves followed by QRS complex and finally classifying cardiac rhythms. It was a randomized, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, 20 individuals were selected and invited to participate in this research, who were approached after a medical consultation with the cardiologist and to enter the evaluation process they had to have the following inclusion criteria, these being: healthy, male, aged 20 to 40 years old, no diagnosis of asthma, interstitial lung disease and cardiovascular or cardiomyopathic impairment, they cannot be using any type of drugs, all were distributed in only 1 simple random sampling group, Group 1, which study participants were submitted to the 12-lead ECG exam and immediately after 30 seconds (s) to the use of the Apple Watch Series 4, to perform the ECG performed by the brand's own app, the two exams were performed with the participants lying in the supine position. After applying Pearson's correlation coefficient, a positive and strong correlation was found, it was also possible to verify the presence of P waves followed by the QRS complex indicating a conclusion of sinus rhythm. Therefore, it was possible to verify the correlation between the R-R intervals and the identification of sinus rhythm by the Apple Watch.