Monografias, Dissertações e Teses
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Uso da Ozonioterapia em fungos causadores de Onicomicoses: estudo in vitro(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Del Castilo, Denise Vivianni Ferreira; Assis, Lívia; Tim, Carla Roberta: Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nails, predominantly caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) and Microsporum gypseum (M. gypseum) and is a notoriously difficult condition to treat. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare, in vitro, the effectiveness of different times of ozone therapy on the main fungi that cause onychomycosis. Dermatophyte fungi T. rubrum (ATCC 28188) and M. gypseum (ATCC 24102) were incubated at 28° C for 14 days. Subsequently, the fungi were divided into 9 experimental groups according to the experimental time: Control Group (CG): the fungi were cultivated and did not receive any treatment; Cultivated fungi and received ozone therapy for a time of 2 min (G2”); 4 min (G4”); 6 min (G6”); 8 min (G8”); 10 min (G10”); 12 min (G12”); 14 min (G14”) and 16 min (G16”). The ozone concentration used was 2 µg/mL, oxygen flow of 1/4 L/min and applied dosages of 157, 314, 451, 628, 785, 943, 1100 and 1257 mg/m2, respectively. The main results show that the use of topical ozone therapy was effective in reducing the germination percentage of T. rubrum and M. gypseum in all experimental periods, presenting complete eradication with a treatment time of 6 min for T. rubrum and 14 min for M. gypseum. In conclusion, ozone therapy used topically, with emphasis on the treatment time of 6 min for T. rubrum (628 mg/m2) and 14 min (1257 mg/m2) for M. gypseum, promoted antifungal action on the main dermatophytes responsible for critical complications of onychomycosis, and may be proposed as a adjuvant in dermatological treatments.Item Ozonioterapia: regulamentação jurídica(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Paez, Thalita Toffoli; Tim, Carla Roberta; Santos, Laurita dosThe present work aims to address the use of ozone therapy for treatment in humans, combined with the need to provide specific and complete legal guidelines. Ozone is a highly toxic gas, but it has an important antioxidant, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory characteristic and helps in the repair process. For this reason, the artificial production of this gas was started, for its therapeutic use, whose technique is called ozonotherapy. However, it is questioned whether the technique is a safe and effective treatment, since application in inadequate doses or routes of application can bring serious results to the patient. Currently, when the chosen route is auto-hemotherapy, it is possible that it is administered in a judicious and personal way, making the analysis of the individual's biomarkers and their tolerance to ozone, given the fact that the levels of gas tolerance are different in each subject. It turns out that, there is no specific legislation that ensures which professionals can prescribe and use ozone therapy, having several class councils already positioned themselves favorably. In 2018, the Ministry of Health incorporated ozone therapy as an integrative and complementary practice of the Unified Health System, provided it is applied in precise therapeutic doses, without, however, establishing criteria for the definition of the dose to be applied. Health is a social right that must be safeguarded in order to preserve a healthy and dignified life, which is why any health treatment can only be prescribed and carried out under appropriate conditions of safety and inspection, supported by scientific research and its own legislation. It is necessary to have specific and complete legislation on the subject, able to bring parameters and application protocols, in order to provide guarantees to professionals and patients who intend to treat. Thus, a research of the literature was carried out on electronic bases in the health and legal areas, there was no restriction on languages or publication data. Several articles were found, eliminating a duplication of titles and after reading abstracts, selected those that best fit the theme of this work. In a next step, perform a complete reading of all articles and the theoretical framework of this thesis was created. After reading and selecting the few and incomplete regulations on ozone therapy, he made a published work, which is a proposal for a complete review of the legislative content on ozone therapy. The proposed regulation brings the main parameters for the application of the technique, as well as the contraindicated routes, training of the professional who will manage the therapy, the qualified professionals, cautionary exams when due to auto-hemotherapy, care and responsibilities. In this sense, the present proposal of legislative content, was delivered to members of the Legislative Power, so that, observing the constitutional requirements, it can be used as a basis for the project, and eventually a future law, which will contain adequate and complete content regarding the theme.Item Avaliação da eficácia de óleos vegetais in natura e ozonizados no controle de cândida spp.(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Gimenez, Vanessa Barbosa; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésCandida spp, is a pathogen associated with health, causes superficial or invasive infections with a high mortality rate. The pathogenicity is attributed to virulence factors such as adhesion, proteinases, phospholipases, and hemolysins. The emergence of strains resistant to conventional treatments, highlights the need to obtain highly effective drugs that do not generate microbial resistance, among which, ozonized vegetable oils have gained prominence for their wide range of antimicrobial effect, are effective in antifungal therapies, antibacterial and antiviral. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonated and in natura vegetable oils in the in vitro inactivation of Candida albicans ATCC 25923 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563. To analyze the antifungal activity, vegetable oils of coconut, palm oil, sunflower, olive and pequi, all fresh and ozonized in concentrations ranging from 0.32% to 100%. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the plate microdilution method, and then the minimum fungicidal concentration and the fungicidal kinetics of the oils were verified. The results showed that the vegetable oils of sunflower, coconut, palm oil, pequi and olive, in natura and ozonized, inactivated Candida tropicalis and C. albicans, however the in natura oils of palm, sunflower and coconut presented minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations higher than those of ozonized oils, while those of olive and pequi did not show differences. Regarding the ability to reduce colony-forming units as a function of time, it was found that olive and pequi oils, ozonated and in natura, were more effective. Based on the results, the vegetable oils indicate the possibility of using them in the therapy of Candida spp.Item Composição química e atividade antimicrobiana de óleos vegetais in natura e ozonizados em Acinetobacter baumannii(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Silva, Wagner Rafael da; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésThe study of infection control mechanisms caused by bacteria is a topic of interest to different professionals involved in the hospital environment. This work aimed to investigate the use of vegetable oils as an alternative treatment in the control of these infections. The bactericidal effect of canola, coconut and palm oil, in natura and ozonized oils, was evaluated under Acinetobacter baumannii, a species of bacteria that stands out as an important opportunistic pathogen and is responsible for infections related to the care of health. All the tested oil samples were characterized by the techniques of gas chromatography, I2 and peroxides index, the most altered characteristic under the effect of the ozonation process, passing from undetectable in the samples of in natura oils to the fractions 125,7 ± 0,2; 422,4 ± 0,2 and 434,8 ± 0,2 meq/Kg of Na2S2O3 for canola oil, coconut and ozonized palm oil. The reduction of microbial load in A. baumannii strains was 93,5, 71,6 and 85,9% for canola, coconut and in natura palm oils, respectively, and 96,2, 93,8 and 91,0% for the oils of canola, coconut and ozonized palm oil, respectively. In addition, the efficiency in the inhibition time of A. baumanni showed that ozonized oils present immediate bactericidal action, where their bacterial count in 10 min equates to the results of in natura oils after 30 min of incubation. These results revealed that the oils tested can be used in the control of bacterial infections and the ozonization of these oils potentiates the bactericidal action. The results showed, however, that the comparison between the microbial counts of in natura and ozonized oils did not point significant differences, since all the resulting p-values were higher than the level of significance adopted for the comparative test. A similar result was found in the comparison among ozonized oils in terms of microbial count, that is, there were no significant differences among microorganism counts when the different types of ozonized oils were compared.Item Efeito antibacteriano da água ozonizada sobre agentes etiológicos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Moraes, Carla Maria Zordan Geraldo de; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora Inés; Tim, Carla RobertaFresh vegetables have been frequently identified as a source of bacterial pathogens that can cause foodborne illnesses. Microbial pathogens can adhere and form biofilms on the surfaces of raw fruits and leafy vegetables and can be difficult to remove. Different chemical sanitizers are used for food sanitization, however ozone, due to its oxidative power, has a broad antibacterial effect on a variety of species, including spores, vegetative cells and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ozone is an important tool in vegetable sanitization and plays a relevant role in improving food quality and microbial safety, since the control of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms is essential throughout the production chain of cultivation, processing, distribution and consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water in the inactivation of Salmonella Enterica serovar Typhimurium (TTC 14028) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43888) in Sweet Grape tomatoes. To perform the experiments on bacterial viability in suspension and in inoculated tomatoes, the inoculum was prepared in tryptic soybean broth and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours and adjusted to 106 CFU mL-1. The tomatoes were inoculated by placing 10 units in an autoclaved glass container containing 500 mL of the inoculum of each bacteria and gently shaken for 10 min, and deposited in a biosafety cabinet for 12 hours to facilitate bacterial fixation, subsequently they were removed and air-dried for 10 min in a biosafety cabinet. The ozonation of the water was produced by a commercial ozone generator operating with corona effect and fed by pure oxygen (1.0 L minute-1 ). The gas concentration limited by the calibrated equipment had an O3 flow rate of 17 mg. L-1 . The bacterial suspensions and the inoculated tomatoes were exposed to O3 directly by permanent bubbling at a controlled room temperature of 20ºC. Samples of 0.1 mL were collected at different time periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 minutes), and inoculated on eosin methylene blue agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours when the colonies were counted. Descriptive statistics of the microbial counts were used for data analysis. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test with Tukey's multiple comparison test was applied to verify possible significant differences between the microbial counts over the time of exposure of the tomatoes to ozonated water. Inactivation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43888) in suspension was observed in 90 minutes and 120 minutes, respectively. E. coli was more resistant to the action of ozonated water, since its microbial count was zero 15 minutes after exposure of the inoculated tomatoes. Meanwhile, tomatoes contaminated with S. typhimurium needed only 10 minutes of exposure to ozonated water to be considered free of contamination. The application of aqueous ozone in the dynamic mode showed antimicrobial effects on the inactivation rate of bacterial cells in suspension and attached (biofilm) to the surface of the tomatoes.Item Efeitos da Ozonioterapia doméstica em modelo experimental Murino de vulvovaginite por Candida albicans(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Pilatti, Cleverson Marcelo; Pessoa, Rodrigo Sávio; Rangel, Drauzio Eduardo NarettoIn vulvovaginal candidiasis, itching, whitish plaques, leucorrhoea, erythema and edema in the vulva and vagina are commonly observed or observed. For common treatment of candidiasis, antifungals are used in the form of pills or ointments applied directly to the area. Antimycotics can have undesirable side effects and are expensive. A proposal of low cost, simple, easy to access and with few side effects for the treatment can be based on the medicinal use of ozone. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of medicinal domestic ozone therapy on C. albicans through in vitro and in vivo assays using the murine experimental model of vulvovaginitis. The experiment was conducted in vitro by cultivating Candida albicans strains for 24 h at 37 °C in solid medium Agar Sabouraud Dextrose. In the plates used for control, 10 µL of the cell suspension of C. albicans were seeded, with a calibrated loop, in 10 mm Petri dishes, containing solid medium Agar Sabourand Dextrose (Oxoid). These plates have not been subjected to ozone exposure. The in vivo experiment used 45-day-old female C57/BL6 mice. Diluted in 0.2 ml of distilled water at a dose of 2mg/kg/day for 7 days. After suppression of ovarian activity, 20 µL of Candida albicans suspension in sterile PBS, at a concentration of 105 yeast cells, was inoculated in a single dose and under anesthesia. The distribution took place in 4 groups of animals: Absolute Control Group: Not submitted to infection by the pathogen. Control Group: Subjected to C. albicans infection, but not treated. Ozone Therapy Group: Subjected to pathological agent infection and treated with medicinal ozone therapy. Wash Group: Submitted to infection and later treated with vaginal washing. Flagged as control group. For the Ozone Therapy Group, the vulvovaginal lavage procedure was performed once a day for three days. Promptly before the sacrifice of the rodents, the procedure for collecting the vaginal lavage was performed. 50 µL of sterile PBS was instilled into the vagina of each animal, using a micropipettor and 100 µL tip, and aspirated immediately afterwards. The data obtained from the CFU were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics using the ANOVA test, using the Tukey test as posts hoc, with alpha set at p>0.05. It was found that the control plate had a higher amount of CFU when compared to plates exposed to ozone in the air. Exposure for 600 s was able to reduce 98.89% the number of CFU when compared to control plates. The suspensions ozonized for 60 s and 150 s did not show cell growth, obtaining a difference of 100% when compared to the control plate. The amount of UFC counted in ozonized suspensions. The ozone gas showed great efficacy on the proliferation of C. albicans in vitro. Best results observed were with application in liquid medium. Ozone therapy was able to significantly reduce the infection in the experimental model used. In experiments conducted in vivo, the number of CFU/ml found was lower in the group treated with ozone.Item Efeito antibacteriano do óleo de girassol ozonizado em diferentes concentrações(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Ficher, Ester; Nunez, Silvia CristinaThe world is currently facing a crisis regarding microorganisms and microbial resistance. The evaluation of alternative antimicrobial therapies has been a constant search in recent decades. Ozonized oil can be an alternative within this field. The present study aims to analyze the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available ozonated sunflower oil in different concentrations. A gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were used. The microorganisms were grown in BHI broth (Brain and Heart Infusion) for 24h. Plates containing BHI agar were prepared for the inhibition halo test with a 3 mm diameter central well and contaminated with 50 µL of bacterial suspension. The wells made in the plates were filled with ozonated sunflower oil in concentrations ranging from 80 mmol-Eq / kg to 1290 mmol-Eq /. The plates were taken to the incubator at 37°C for 24h and the inhibition zone was measured with a millimeter probe, two control groups one with non-ozonated sunflower oil and one with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the efficacy for E.coli increases linearly with increasing concentration, however, only the concentrations of 702 mmol-Eq / kg and 1290 mmol-Eq / kg were significantly different (p<0.004). For S.aureus, the results showed significant differences only in the concentration of 1290 mmol-Eq / kg, but with a similar effect between the intermediate and higher concentrations (p<0.0001). The chlorhexidine group demonstrated to have a more effective action for both microorganisms under the conditions of this study (p<0.001). According to the results ozonized sunflower oil has less antimicrobial effect than chlorhexidine, the result is dependent on the concentration and only concentrations above 702 mmol-Eq / kg showed some efficacy.Item Influência do tempo de ozonólise no processo de ozonização de óleo vegetal utilizado para o reparo de pele(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Tarocco, Juliana Carolina; Tim, Carla Roberta; Santos, Laurita dosLesões cutâneas, que são interrupções na continuidade das camadas da pele, afetam significativamente a qualidade de vida tanto de humanos quanto de animais. Essas lesões também implicam em altos custos para a rede de saúde pública e gastos consideráveis em clínicas e hospitais veterinários. Dado esse contexto, este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência do tempo de ozonólise durante o processo de ozonização do óleo de girassol com fluxo de O2 de 3L/min em uma concentração de O3 = 41,6 g/m3 no estímulo do reparo de feridas dérmicas em animais. Foram utilizados 35 ratos Wistar machos, que tiveram feridas induzidas por um punch de 10 mm. Estes foram distribuídos em grupos: controle (sem tratamento), e grupos tratados com óleo de girassol ozonizado por 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos. Em cada lesão, foram administrados 80 uL do óleo ozonizado topicamente por 10 dias consecutivos. Na avaliação macroscópica, nenhum animal apresentou sinais de odor, necrose, fibrose ou presença de líquido na lesão. A análise do índice de reparo indicou que todos os grupos tiveram a mesma redução percentual da área lesionada. Similarmente, a análise histológica não mostrou diferenças no processo de reparo entre os grupos. A espectroscopia Raman diferenciou com sucesso a pele lesionada da pele saudável, mas não conseguiu distinguir entre o grupo controle e os grupos tratados com óleo ozonizado. Conclui-se que o tempo de ozonização do óleo, até 120 minutos, não alterou de forma significativa as estruturas químicas da pele nem estimulou seu reparo.Item Uso de um gerador de ozônio de volume controlado na adiposidade localizada abdominal: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Silva, Fabiele Chieregato Marchetti da; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Tim, Carla RobertaOzone therapy has been suggested in clinical practice as a promising and adjuvant therapy in the minimally invasive treatment of localized adiposity; however, evidence is limited for its recommendations. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a controlled-volume ozone generator at different dosages in localized abdominal adiposity. To achieve this objective, a single-center randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Female participants were recruited and 110 were randomized into 4 groups: Sham Group (GS): participants received treatment with the ozone equipment turned off; Intervention Groups: participants received ozone treatment at doses of 20 (G20), 30 (G30), and 40 g/ml (G40). The interventions were performed at 24 pre-established points in the abdominal region, twice a week for a period of 4 weeks, totaling 8 sessions. The initial assessment (A1) and reassessment [15 (A2) and 30 (A3) days after the last session] were performed through anthropometric analyses, bioimpedance, abdominal circumference, adipometry, global aesthetics (GAIS), adipose tissue thickness through diagnostic ultrasound, recording of patient satisfaction assessment (Linkert) and adverse effects. The main results show that groups G20, G30 and G40 presented a reduction in abdominal circumference in the periods of 15 and 30 days after treatment, lower GAIS score and improvement in the treatment satisfaction score in both periods evaluated. However, G40 presented lower adipose tissue thickness in both experimental periods. No serious adverse effects were reported. Thus, it can be suggested that the controlled volume ozone generator used in the present study proved to be a safe and potentially promising modality in the treatment of localized adiposity, with emphasis on the dose of 40 ug/ml.Item Ozonização de Castanhas de Caju e do Brasil para o controle de fungos filamentosos(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Souza, Midian Nikel Alves de; Frias, Danila Fernanda RodriguesThe contamination of chestnuts by filamentous fungi, which produce mycotoxins, is considered a serious public health problem, which makes its control essential to obtain a quality and safe product for the consumer. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the fungicidal effect of ozone against filamentous fungi isolated from cashew nuts and Brazil nuts. For this, 10 samples of chestnuts commercialized in bulk were used in the municipality of Fernandópolis – SP, from october to december, 2019. The search for filamentous fungi was carried out using the serial dilution method and plating on Potato Dextrose Agar. The dishes were incubated at 25ºC for 5 days, then the colony counts and genera identification were performed by observing the macroscopic characteristics and micromorphological structures. To test the effectiveness of ozone, 25g of chestnuts were diluted in 225 mL of 1% peptone water. This material was exposed to ozone at different times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes). In each time interval, 0,1 mL aliquots were inoculated in triplicate, in Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar, to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). After tabulation of the collected data, two statistical analysis functions were performed: descriptive and inferential. The data were replicated in an absolute and relative way. In the inferential scope, the test Paired T Test was used. The fungal microbiota was detected in all samples analyzed, and in 70% of these, more than one genus was isolated. The genera were isolated: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Absidia and Rhizopus. With the use of ozone, an average reduction of 96.5% of fungi can be seen in up to 30 minutes of exposure. It was concluded that ozonation was efficient in inactivating filamentous fungi and, consequently, in preventing mycotoxin synthesis.