Ciências Ambientais
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32
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34 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Impacto do desassoreamento nos recursos hídricos de reservatório de importância socioturística em Fernandópolis-SP(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Ramos, Elise Baroni; Vanzela, Sergio; Menegasso, Cleber FernandoDesilting is an important work in reservoir’s recovery, however, even if temporary, it disturbs the environment and can become a process of potential pollution in water resources. The objective was to evaluate the silt excavation operation impact in an important sociotouristic reservoir in Fernandópolis-SP. For this purpose, qualitative water variables were monitored, and the evolution of the service was accompanied. Completely randomized experimental design in 2 x 3 x 4 factorial scheme was used, and the main effects were runoff periods (with and without runoff), the level of second were excavation periods (before, during and after) and the level of third were monitoring points (points upstream E1, E2 and E3 and point S downstream, in relation to the reservoir). 100 water samples were collected, in a total of 25 biweekly/monthly sampling campaigns, and 13 aerial drone surveys were carried out between July 2020 and March 2022. To evaluate the qualitative water variables, analysis of variance was performed for the analyzed effects, followed by the mean comparison test. To evaluate the excavation progress effect, the Pearson correlation test was performed, followed by regression analysis. It was observed that the dynamics of sediment removal presented two distinct periods, which terrain instability, associated with precipitated rainfall, reduced the operational yield by 59.6%. During the desilting work, there was negative impact in the ammonium and ammonia concentration, increasing the averages by 154.1% and 151.9%, respectively. The excavation dynamics correlated only with water conductivity, resulting in an expected average increment of 1 µScm-1 for every 175 m3 removed. Considering those results and the reservoir historical, landscape, cultural and tourist importance, the desilting operation was adequate. However, it is necessary to carry out restoration and maintenance works in the reservoir contribution basin to minimize future problems with siltation.Item Pagamento municipal por serviço ambiental - proposição de um método de valoração monetária(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Andriolo, Anselmo Ribeiro; Vanzela, Luiz Sérgio; Tagliaferro, Evandro RobertoIn January 2021, Federal Law No. 14,119 was enacted in Brazil, which introduced the payment for environmental services. It determines that the parties involved may establish in agreement the amount and the payment method for the environmental service. The objective of this work is to propose a method of monetary valuation for payment for environmental services when provided by the individual, which should encourage the provision of environmental services by citizens, monetarily favoring effectiveness and efficiency aspects. For this purpose, through an applied, deductive, bibliographic study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, of comparative and experimental nature, we focused on investigating monetary valuation for payment for environmental services that respond to the questions presented. As a result, the work proposed that a reference cost, discounting indirect costs and expenses, has to be calibrated through effectiveness and efficiency indices. Additionally, the result makes it possible to encourage the development of unstructured and diffuse economic chains to provide environmental services and social and economic development.Item Educação ambiental crítica e saúde ambiental no ensino médio: proposta de planos de aula(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Carvalho, Mariele Cogo Pessôa de; Campato Jr., João AdalbertoSince the environment, by definition, is a physical and socio-environmental space for interaction, it is natural for man to act on it in different ways, with different purposes and with different intensity. Throughout this interaction, man changes his surroundings and leaves it changed. Historically, it becomes possible to affirm that, since the Industrial Revolution and with the intensification of capitalism, anthropocentrism and globalization, man has established, with dangerous frequency, a harmful predatory relationship with his environment, viewing it only as a repository of raw materials and is therefore responsible for a series of environmental impacts that threaten the sustainable and healthy existence of planet Earth and that urgently need to be examined. With this in mind, this dissertation aims to reflect in the light of critical environmental education on some of these environmental impacts and their consequences for human beings, especially their health. Specifically, it is proposed here to suggest and make available to high school teachers a proposal for lesson plans through which they can work thematically and methodologically with their students on some environmental issues in general and, more particularly, the issue of environmental impacts and how they interfere with human health. The research is qualitative and bibliographic in nature, with the hope of contributing to creating ecological subjects, who are critically and politically prepared to fight for sustainability and sustainable development.Item Perfil ecoepidemiológico das Arboviroses dengue, Zika e Chikungunya no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, de 2015 a 2022(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Gonzaga, Dirce Maria Inácio dos Santos; Frias, Danila Fernanda RodriguesDengue, zika, and chikungunya are arboviral diseases transmitted by vectors of the genera Culex and Aedes, mainly. They are considered a serious global public health problem due to their broad territorial spread and the growing need for increasingly complex actions related to their control and prevention. This study aimed to describe the eco-epidemiological profile of arboviral diseases in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2015 to 2022. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and qualitative quantitative investigation was carried out using secondary data provided by the State Department of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul. The collected information consisted of: number of notifications, area of residence, age group, education, race, sex, final classification of the case, confirmation criteria, and final evolution. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. A total of 317,514 cases of dengue, 2,350 cases of zika, and 3,779 cases of chikungunya were reported. The prevalence rates of dengue, zika, and chikungunya were 12,598.81; 84.18; and 230.24 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The most affected individuals were adults in the economically active age group, with high school completed, female, white, and brown. Cases begin to rise in November, remaining high until May/June. Among the notifications, 54.8% were confirmed for dengue, 91.8% for zika, and 16.7% for chikungunya. Fatality rate was 0.1% for dengue and 0.5% for chikungunya. There were no deaths from Zika. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul had a high number of dengue notifications and a low number of zika and chikungunya notifications, and the prevalence of cases decreased from 2020 onwards, which may indicate the possibility of underreporting due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Acting directly on diseases with a focus on One Health, through the study of human cases, animals, and environmental changes, can improve decision-making regarding the prevention and early treatment of arboviral diseases.Item Impactos das máscaras de proteção utilizadas na COVID-19: estudo no litoral paulista(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Jorge, Marcilio Abraços; Lima, Leonice Domingos dos Santos CintraA new demand for solid waste has been presented to public managers related to the collection and proper disposal of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the mandatory use of masks. This research was carried out in Santos, on the coast of the state of São Paulo, with the objective of analyzing the understanding of the population in relation to the use and disposal of protective masks, the perception of the relationship between disposal and the environment. We start from the hypothesis that the population, in general, was not properly oriented about the disposal of protective masks at the height of the pandemic and that their improper disposal could cause environmental impacts not yet measured. This is quantitative-qualitative research where multimethod was used in order to apprehend data from different perspectives of reality and the phenomenon studied. For the theoretical basis, an exploratory and descriptive study of the state of the art and the state of the theme was carried out, followed by bibliographical research and literature review. The collection of primary data was accomplished with the field research through a questionnaire available on the Google Forms platform, after approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee; mask disposal images were randomly captured in the study municipality. The research shows that for the researched population there was a deficit in public policies for guidance on the use and disposal of masks, during the pandemic period, that knowledge was not enough to promote behavioral changes in relation to environmental impacts. There was no evidence of sediment knowledge regarding individual and collective attitudes and behaviors towards the environment, making clear the lack of environmental education. Improvement actions related to the dissemination of information regarding epidemiological and socio environmental data could have been adopted and disseminated by knowledgeable professionals so that communication was direct and easy for the population to understand.Item Bioaerossóis e seus riscos à saúde ambiental em um pet shop(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Leal, Rosimeire Aparecida da Silva; Vazquez, Gisele Herbst; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésOccupational exposure to cats and dogs can cause respiratory symptoms in veterinarians and attendants. Research carried out in pet stores indicates microbiological contamination of the air through exposure to bioaerosols. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of microorganisms in bioaerosols from a pet shop in Fernandópolis/SP. On days 21, 23 and 25/11/2022, air samples were collected by exposing Petri dishes containing culture media open for 30 min at 1.5 m from the floor, in the central part of the work room, before, during and after dog bathing, grooming and drying procedures. The plates were incubated at 37oC for 24-48h for the growth of bacteria and yeasts, after which Colony Forming Units - CFU were counted and identified using conventional biochemical methods. During the bathing and grooming of the animals, the microbial community in the air was quantitatively higher and qualitatively different from those at the beginning and end of the procedure, a fact that was repeated on the three days of analysis. The results indicated resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to the antibiotics Ceftazidine, Tobramycin, Penicillin, Oxacillin and Erythrominin greater than 80% and 100% sensitive to Amikacin. It was concluded that the bioaerosols from the evaluated pet shop present high contamination by microorganisms (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus sp and Escherichia coli) produced mainly during bathing, grooming and drying of dogs, which raises concerns regarding the risk of disease transmission by these pathogens to the animals treated and to humans who are on site and in direct contact with the bioaerosols and work equipment.Item Estudos comparativos de métodos de controle de pragas nas culturas consorciadas de pimenta e café(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Lima, Sidnei Hermes de; Andreani Jr., RobertoAs the world population increases, the need for food production and the search for a better quality of life grows at the same rate. To support this statement, a healthy diet must be considered, combined with a fair price throughout the entire chain, from production to the final consumer. The objective of this research was to consider whether the consortium of coffee growing in the cerrado (Coffeaarabica L), produced conventionally and another coffee crop, is following the patterns of biological pest control through the use of lacewings (Chrysoperlaexterna), can be economically profitable for the producer, with the cultivation of the biquinho Capsicumsp. pepper between the rows of the coffee plant. The experiment was conducted on two properties, both located in Estrela do Sul - MG. For the production of peppers, a delimited area on the properties was used, between the lines of the Mundo Novo coffee variety. Using the Tukey Test at 5%, the productivity of biquinho pepper was analyzed in conventional ways and the difference in production with the use of biological practices. The use of lacewings in coffee cultivation has a positive influence on pest control of biquinho pepper. planted in a consortium in coffee, since the identification and quantity of pests in pepper was lower in this system than in conventional cultivation.Item Estudo para implantação de estado compacta de esgoto sanitário(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Martins, Noelen Muriel Doimo Prado; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê AméricoThe correct destination and treatment of effluents generated in homes, businesses, industries, and rural areas is a potential sanitation problem. The solutions available for this adversity consist of collection and treatment systems managed by municipalities and city halls, own systems such as septic tanks and, in the absence of resources or negligence of the public power and/or the waste generator, there is the discharge of sewage directly into the soil and water courses. The objective of this work was to present a model of a compact sewage treatment plant (ECTE) composed of septic tanks in lines, reactor and anaerobic filter with ascending flow and fixed bed, flow divider boxes, disinfection unit and gas filter; and preparing and publishing a Technical Manual for the Implementation of a Compact Sewage Treatment Station. The ECTE project presented was developed by the technical team of the Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo (SABESP) and given by the responsible engineer to Universidade Brasil to use it as a model and implement it in the Fernandópolis Campus. For the development of this work, a bibliographic review was carried out seeking research in the areas of sanitation for the basis of the preparation of the technical manual, the ECTE of the district of Onda Branca - SP and its documentation made available by SABESP was also used as a reference. The images and flowcharts developed to illustrate the manual were created on the CANVA website. The technical manual received an ISBN registration and will be distributed free of charge, intended for professionals in the areas of sanitation, engineering or related areas and people interested in implementation of ECTE in order to solve the lack of access to public sewage collection and treatment systems. ECTE is intended to serve small population centers and must be licensed by the relevant environmental agencies and can only be used for the treatment of domestic effluents. ECTE presents efficiency results within the required regulatory parameters and proves that the developed system is technically, economically, and environmentally sustainable.Item Bebedouros coletivos: análises microbiológicas e plano de higienização baseado no ambiente de instalação(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Santos, Mateus Leonardo Welika dos; Vazquez, Gisele Herbst; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésDrinking fountains, as they are for collective use, have a great potential for microbiological contamination, mainly due to lack of hygiene and/or contact with users with contaminated hands and mouths. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the physical structure of drinking fountains and the microbiological quality of water in a university. As a secondary objective, a hygiene plan based on training was established for those responsible for cleaning the drinking fountains, in addition to instructive posters on correct hand hygiene and the use of drinking fountains. Seven drinking fountains were evaluated for their state of conservation, location and microbiological quality of the water and its surfaces (taps and vats), in addition to the quality of water from artesian wells and plastic jerry cans, from March to April 2022. Two industrial stainless steel drinking fountains were evaluated, two with a column and three with a gallon of commercial mineral water. The evaluated parameters were: counts and identification of mesophilic microorganisms, total and thermotolerant coliforms. The industrial stainless steel models were located close to laboratories and toilets and were in adequate physical condition, the others in pantries/kitchens, teachers' lounges, reception and inside a veterinary hospital. The microbiological analysis of the water indicated that 71.4% (5) of the drinking fountains had total and thermotolerant coliforms and 100% total mesophiles, therefore outside the standards of Ordinances GM/MS nº 2.914/2011 and 888/2021. The faucets and vats of all equipment also had a higher number of total mesophiles than that proposed by the American Public Health Association (2014), which can be attributed to incorrect cleaning of the drinking fountain, the gallon and the handler's hands and the proximity to toilets. A column and a table water fountain were discarded because they were in poor condition, new industrial models were purchased and positioned in suitable locations. The supplier of gallons of mineral water was replaced and the water tanks in the artesian wells were chlorinated. Two awareness and training lectures were held on the hygiene of drinking fountains for cleaning staff. In the restrooms, instructive posters were posted on hand hygiene. It was concluded that 28% of the drinking fountains are in an inadequate state of conservation and the water and the surface of the faucets and vats of all the university's drinking fountains had microbiological contaminants. A hygiene program was implemented and it is expected that this will contribute to the health and well-being of students, professors, employees and university visitors.Item Tuberculose em Fernandópolis, São Paulo, Brasil: uma abordagem integrada em Saúde Única(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Machado, Eduardo Félix; Frias, Danila Fernanda RodriguesTuberculosis (TB) is a "forgotten" disease by society, yet it holds great significance for public health as it affects numerous people annually. This research aimed to describe the socio-epidemiological profile of those affected by tuberculosis in the municipality of Fernandópolis, from 2014 to 2023, with the goal of developing control and prevention actions based on the "One Health" approach. The study is characterized by an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, and quantitative qualitative design. It was conducted using Fernandópolis/SP as the unit of analysis, with data collected from the DATASUS database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), along with home visits to 28 individuals reported between January 2019 and December 2023. During the study period, 159 cases of tuberculosis were reported. The profile of those affected primarily included males aged 20 to 39 years, with incomplete high school education, and residents of urban areas. Among the reported cases, 20 involved HIV co-infection. The predominant clinical form was pulmonary tuberculosis, and among those affected, 42% did not complete or abandoned the treatment. The case fatality rate was 4.4%, with a mortality rate of 2 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. The interviews revealed that most TB patients belonged to social class D, facing economic and housing vulnerability. Poor living conditions hindered treatment, and limited knowledge about the disease led to delayed diagnoses, increasing the risk of transmission. Socioeconomic and environmental factors influence the spread of tuberculosis, underscoring the need for public policies to reduce inequalities and improve awareness. The study concluded that there has been an increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis cases in the municipality. It indicates that the disease requires an integrated approach from a "One Health" perspective, surpassing medical boundaries and incorporating strategies that promote health and improve the quality of life for affected populations. The integrated vision emerges as a fundamental strategy to address the multifaceted challenges of tuberculosis, tackling both treatment and the social, economic, and environmental determinants contributing to its spread.