Ciências Ambientais

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32

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    Tuberculose em Fernandópolis, São Paulo, Brasil: uma abordagem integrada em Saúde Única
    (Universidade Brasil, 2024) Machado, Eduardo Félix; Frias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a "forgotten" disease by society, yet it holds great significance for public health as it affects numerous people annually. This research aimed to describe the socio-epidemiological profile of those affected by tuberculosis in the municipality of Fernandópolis, from 2014 to 2023, with the goal of developing control and prevention actions based on the "One Health" approach. The study is characterized by an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, and quantitative qualitative design. It was conducted using Fernandópolis/SP as the unit of analysis, with data collected from the DATASUS database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), along with home visits to 28 individuals reported between January 2019 and December 2023. During the study period, 159 cases of tuberculosis were reported. The profile of those affected primarily included males aged 20 to 39 years, with incomplete high school education, and residents of urban areas. Among the reported cases, 20 involved HIV co-infection. The predominant clinical form was pulmonary tuberculosis, and among those affected, 42% did not complete or abandoned the treatment. The case fatality rate was 4.4%, with a mortality rate of 2 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. The interviews revealed that most TB patients belonged to social class D, facing economic and housing vulnerability. Poor living conditions hindered treatment, and limited knowledge about the disease led to delayed diagnoses, increasing the risk of transmission. Socioeconomic and environmental factors influence the spread of tuberculosis, underscoring the need for public policies to reduce inequalities and improve awareness. The study concluded that there has been an increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis cases in the municipality. It indicates that the disease requires an integrated approach from a "One Health" perspective, surpassing medical boundaries and incorporating strategies that promote health and improve the quality of life for affected populations. The integrated vision emerges as a fundamental strategy to address the multifaceted challenges of tuberculosis, tackling both treatment and the social, economic, and environmental determinants contributing to its spread.
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    Caracterização epidemiológica da Leishmaniose tegumentar e visceral no estado de Tocantins, Brasil
    (Universidade Brasil, 2020) Moreira, Marilene Alves Rocha; Farias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues
    Leishmaniasis is one of the six priority endemic diseases in the world, and environmental and socioeconomic conditions in its transmission cycle affect the behavior of its vector and reservoirs. This study characterizes the epidemiological profile of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, from 2009 to 2019. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective and qualitative study was undertaken. The sample was limited to the period from 2009 to 2019 and data were collected on the TABNET/DATASUS website and the Health Portal of the Ministry of Health. Once the data were collected and the indices calculated, a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted and results were presented as graphs and tables. A total of 4899 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and 3128 cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were recorded in the period. The incidence coefficients of ACL and VL were classified as “low” and "high", respectively. Most of the cases occurred in male individuals, especially in the age group of 20-34 years for ACL, and 1-4 years for VL. As regards the area of residence of the affected individuals, the urban area was the most reported. Of the individuals positive for ACL, 94.6% had cutaneous lesions, whereas the most common symptoms in VL cases were fever, weakness and weight loss. Deaths computed by ACL were 0.4% of the affected individuals, and by VL, 5.8%. Leishmaniasis in the state of Tocantins is a serious public health problem and requires special attention from public and civil institutions in the most diverse sectors of society to consistently address this social problem. There is, therefore, a need for intersectoral articulation aiming at the collective co-responsibility of the initiative of the socio-democratic institutions constituted and directed to a broad debate with civil society and private entities so public policies to combat the disease are outlined with a view to consolidating and promoting collective health