Caracterização epidemiológica da Leishmaniose tegumentar e visceral no estado de Tocantins, Brasil
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Data
2020
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Universidade Brasil
Resumo
Leishmaniasis is one of the six priority endemic diseases in the world, and
environmental and socioeconomic conditions in its transmission cycle affect the
behavior of its vector and reservoirs. This study characterizes the epidemiological
profile of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, from
2009 to 2019. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective and qualitative study was
undertaken. The sample was limited to the period from 2009 to 2019 and data were
collected on the TABNET/DATASUS website and the Health Portal of the Ministry of
Health. Once the data were collected and the indices calculated, a descriptive
statistical analysis was conducted and results were presented as graphs and tables. A
total of 4899 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and 3128 cases of
visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were recorded in the period. The incidence coefficients of
ACL and VL were classified as “low” and "high", respectively. Most of the cases
occurred in male individuals, especially in the age group of 20-34 years for ACL, and
1-4 years for VL. As regards the area of residence of the affected individuals, the urban
area was the most reported. Of the individuals positive for ACL, 94.6% had cutaneous
lesions, whereas the most common symptoms in VL cases were fever, weakness and
weight loss. Deaths computed by ACL were 0.4% of the affected individuals, and by
VL, 5.8%. Leishmaniasis in the state of Tocantins is a serious public health problem
and requires special attention from public and civil institutions in the most diverse
sectors of society to consistently address this social problem. There is, therefore, a
need for intersectoral articulation aiming at the collective co-responsibility of the
initiative of the socio-democratic institutions constituted and directed to a broad debate
with civil society and private entities so public policies to combat the disease are
outlined with a view to consolidating and promoting collective health
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Palavras-chave
Epidemiologia, Leishmania, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Saúde Pública