Ciências Ambientais
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32
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36 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Plano de logística sustentável para empresas de transporte(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Fernandes, Alexandre Chacon; Vanzela, Luiz SérgioDue to the importance for companies to pursue ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) practices in order to be more responsible in relation to environmental, social and governance issues and improve their reputation in the market, it is imperative to develop methodologies that facilitate achieving these goals. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop the Company Sustainability Diagnosis System (DISE System) and apply it to assist a transport company in Fernandópolis - SP in the elaboration of their Sustainable Plan for Transport Logistics (SPTL). The methodology used for developing the system of diagnosis and classification of companies was based on the ten principles of the UN Global Compact. The system, which was called the Company Sustainability Diagnosis System or “DISE” System, allows classifying the company's level of sustainability from a scoring system, obtained from surveys about the company. Scores are determined by criteria and calculated by simple equations. After its development, its application was carried out in a transport company based in Fernandópolis - SP, for which it was possible to classify it as "moderate sustainability" and propose an action plan that will compose their Sustainable Plan for Transport Logistics (SPTL), with goals of achieving sustainability in 2026. Based on the results, it was concluded that the DISE System (Company Sustainability Diagnosis System) made it possible to diagnose, in an easy and objective way, a transport company in the municipality of Fernandópolis - SP. As a result, a technical instruction manual for the application of the DISE system was also elaborated for companies in general, assisting them in ESG practices, in improving their reputation in the market and in their pursuit of sustainability.Item Efeitos deletérios da ingestão de microplástico de polipropileno em Tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Nascimento, Luan de Souza do; Belo, Marco Antonio de Andrade; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésThe high molecular weight polymers, widely used in the packaging of several products, generates residues of slow degradation, accumulating in nature and transforming into microparticles during their decomposition process, being called microplastics. Based on the environmental importance represented by the accumulation of polymeric materials in aquatic organisms, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of polypropylene microplastic on the health of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sixty fish weighing around 200 g were used, coming from the same spawning, placed in six aquariums, with a capacity of 100 L of water each (n=10). The aquariums were supplied with running water devoid of chlorine, from an artesian well, with a flow of 1 L/min, constituting the following treatments: T1: Control (without the addition of polymer), T2 and T3: (fed with ration containing 100 μg and 500 μg of polypropylene/kg of body weight, respectively). After a period of 30 days of feeding, the animals were euthanized for analysis of the blood count, leukogram, serum biochemistry, microbiological analysis of the animals' intestine, histopathological and somatic analysis of the organs. In the serum biochemical study, a significant increase in cholesterol levels and serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activity was observed in animals treated with 500 μg of polypropylene. Tilapia fed polypropylene in the diet showed an increase in thrombocyte and total leukocyte counts, marked by a significant increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes. The results of the somatic study revealed a significant increase in the stomach, liver and heart of tilapia fed with the polymer. Increase in the number of Gram-negative microorganisms and decrease in mesophilic aerobic microorganisms were observed in fish fed with the polymer. A dose-response effect was observed in these analyses. However, tilapia fed polypropylene showed deleterious effects resulting from the daily ingestion of this polymer, resulting in systemic inflammatory disorders and changes in the intestinal microbiota.Item Impacto do desassoreamento nos recursos hídricos de reservatório de importância socioturística em Fernandópolis-SP(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Ramos, Elise Baroni; Vanzela, Sergio; Menegasso, Cleber FernandoDesilting is an important work in reservoir’s recovery, however, even if temporary, it disturbs the environment and can become a process of potential pollution in water resources. The objective was to evaluate the silt excavation operation impact in an important sociotouristic reservoir in Fernandópolis-SP. For this purpose, qualitative water variables were monitored, and the evolution of the service was accompanied. Completely randomized experimental design in 2 x 3 x 4 factorial scheme was used, and the main effects were runoff periods (with and without runoff), the level of second were excavation periods (before, during and after) and the level of third were monitoring points (points upstream E1, E2 and E3 and point S downstream, in relation to the reservoir). 100 water samples were collected, in a total of 25 biweekly/monthly sampling campaigns, and 13 aerial drone surveys were carried out between July 2020 and March 2022. To evaluate the qualitative water variables, analysis of variance was performed for the analyzed effects, followed by the mean comparison test. To evaluate the excavation progress effect, the Pearson correlation test was performed, followed by regression analysis. It was observed that the dynamics of sediment removal presented two distinct periods, which terrain instability, associated with precipitated rainfall, reduced the operational yield by 59.6%. During the desilting work, there was negative impact in the ammonium and ammonia concentration, increasing the averages by 154.1% and 151.9%, respectively. The excavation dynamics correlated only with water conductivity, resulting in an expected average increment of 1 µScm-1 for every 175 m3 removed. Considering those results and the reservoir historical, landscape, cultural and tourist importance, the desilting operation was adequate. However, it is necessary to carry out restoration and maintenance works in the reservoir contribution basin to minimize future problems with siltation.Item Pagamento municipal por serviço ambiental - proposição de um método de valoração monetária(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Andriolo, Anselmo Ribeiro; Vanzela, Luiz Sérgio; Tagliaferro, Evandro RobertoIn January 2021, Federal Law No. 14,119 was enacted in Brazil, which introduced the payment for environmental services. It determines that the parties involved may establish in agreement the amount and the payment method for the environmental service. The objective of this work is to propose a method of monetary valuation for payment for environmental services when provided by the individual, which should encourage the provision of environmental services by citizens, monetarily favoring effectiveness and efficiency aspects. For this purpose, through an applied, deductive, bibliographic study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, of comparative and experimental nature, we focused on investigating monetary valuation for payment for environmental services that respond to the questions presented. As a result, the work proposed that a reference cost, discounting indirect costs and expenses, has to be calibrated through effectiveness and efficiency indices. Additionally, the result makes it possible to encourage the development of unstructured and diffuse economic chains to provide environmental services and social and economic development.Item Educação ambiental crítica e saúde ambiental no ensino médio: proposta de planos de aula(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Carvalho, Mariele Cogo Pessôa de; Campato Jr., João AdalbertoSince the environment, by definition, is a physical and socio-environmental space for interaction, it is natural for man to act on it in different ways, with different purposes and with different intensity. Throughout this interaction, man changes his surroundings and leaves it changed. Historically, it becomes possible to affirm that, since the Industrial Revolution and with the intensification of capitalism, anthropocentrism and globalization, man has established, with dangerous frequency, a harmful predatory relationship with his environment, viewing it only as a repository of raw materials and is therefore responsible for a series of environmental impacts that threaten the sustainable and healthy existence of planet Earth and that urgently need to be examined. With this in mind, this dissertation aims to reflect in the light of critical environmental education on some of these environmental impacts and their consequences for human beings, especially their health. Specifically, it is proposed here to suggest and make available to high school teachers a proposal for lesson plans through which they can work thematically and methodologically with their students on some environmental issues in general and, more particularly, the issue of environmental impacts and how they interfere with human health. The research is qualitative and bibliographic in nature, with the hope of contributing to creating ecological subjects, who are critically and politically prepared to fight for sustainability and sustainable development.Item Perfil ecoepidemiológico das Arboviroses dengue, Zika e Chikungunya no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, de 2015 a 2022(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Gonzaga, Dirce Maria Inácio dos Santos; Frias, Danila Fernanda RodriguesDengue, zika, and chikungunya are arboviral diseases transmitted by vectors of the genera Culex and Aedes, mainly. They are considered a serious global public health problem due to their broad territorial spread and the growing need for increasingly complex actions related to their control and prevention. This study aimed to describe the eco-epidemiological profile of arboviral diseases in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2015 to 2022. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and qualitative quantitative investigation was carried out using secondary data provided by the State Department of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul. The collected information consisted of: number of notifications, area of residence, age group, education, race, sex, final classification of the case, confirmation criteria, and final evolution. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. A total of 317,514 cases of dengue, 2,350 cases of zika, and 3,779 cases of chikungunya were reported. The prevalence rates of dengue, zika, and chikungunya were 12,598.81; 84.18; and 230.24 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The most affected individuals were adults in the economically active age group, with high school completed, female, white, and brown. Cases begin to rise in November, remaining high until May/June. Among the notifications, 54.8% were confirmed for dengue, 91.8% for zika, and 16.7% for chikungunya. Fatality rate was 0.1% for dengue and 0.5% for chikungunya. There were no deaths from Zika. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul had a high number of dengue notifications and a low number of zika and chikungunya notifications, and the prevalence of cases decreased from 2020 onwards, which may indicate the possibility of underreporting due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Acting directly on diseases with a focus on One Health, through the study of human cases, animals, and environmental changes, can improve decision-making regarding the prevention and early treatment of arboviral diseases.Item Impactos das máscaras de proteção utilizadas na COVID-19: estudo no litoral paulista(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Jorge, Marcilio Abraços; Lima, Leonice Domingos dos Santos CintraA new demand for solid waste has been presented to public managers related to the collection and proper disposal of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the mandatory use of masks. This research was carried out in Santos, on the coast of the state of São Paulo, with the objective of analyzing the understanding of the population in relation to the use and disposal of protective masks, the perception of the relationship between disposal and the environment. We start from the hypothesis that the population, in general, was not properly oriented about the disposal of protective masks at the height of the pandemic and that their improper disposal could cause environmental impacts not yet measured. This is quantitative-qualitative research where multimethod was used in order to apprehend data from different perspectives of reality and the phenomenon studied. For the theoretical basis, an exploratory and descriptive study of the state of the art and the state of the theme was carried out, followed by bibliographical research and literature review. The collection of primary data was accomplished with the field research through a questionnaire available on the Google Forms platform, after approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee; mask disposal images were randomly captured in the study municipality. The research shows that for the researched population there was a deficit in public policies for guidance on the use and disposal of masks, during the pandemic period, that knowledge was not enough to promote behavioral changes in relation to environmental impacts. There was no evidence of sediment knowledge regarding individual and collective attitudes and behaviors towards the environment, making clear the lack of environmental education. Improvement actions related to the dissemination of information regarding epidemiological and socio environmental data could have been adopted and disseminated by knowledgeable professionals so that communication was direct and easy for the population to understand.Item Bioaerossóis e seus riscos à saúde ambiental em um pet shop(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Leal, Rosimeire Aparecida da Silva; Vazquez, Gisele Herbst; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésOccupational exposure to cats and dogs can cause respiratory symptoms in veterinarians and attendants. Research carried out in pet stores indicates microbiological contamination of the air through exposure to bioaerosols. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of microorganisms in bioaerosols from a pet shop in Fernandópolis/SP. On days 21, 23 and 25/11/2022, air samples were collected by exposing Petri dishes containing culture media open for 30 min at 1.5 m from the floor, in the central part of the work room, before, during and after dog bathing, grooming and drying procedures. The plates were incubated at 37oC for 24-48h for the growth of bacteria and yeasts, after which Colony Forming Units - CFU were counted and identified using conventional biochemical methods. During the bathing and grooming of the animals, the microbial community in the air was quantitatively higher and qualitatively different from those at the beginning and end of the procedure, a fact that was repeated on the three days of analysis. The results indicated resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to the antibiotics Ceftazidine, Tobramycin, Penicillin, Oxacillin and Erythrominin greater than 80% and 100% sensitive to Amikacin. It was concluded that the bioaerosols from the evaluated pet shop present high contamination by microorganisms (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus sp and Escherichia coli) produced mainly during bathing, grooming and drying of dogs, which raises concerns regarding the risk of disease transmission by these pathogens to the animals treated and to humans who are on site and in direct contact with the bioaerosols and work equipment.Item Estudos comparativos de métodos de controle de pragas nas culturas consorciadas de pimenta e café(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Lima, Sidnei Hermes de; Andreani Jr., RobertoAs the world population increases, the need for food production and the search for a better quality of life grows at the same rate. To support this statement, a healthy diet must be considered, combined with a fair price throughout the entire chain, from production to the final consumer. The objective of this research was to consider whether the consortium of coffee growing in the cerrado (Coffeaarabica L), produced conventionally and another coffee crop, is following the patterns of biological pest control through the use of lacewings (Chrysoperlaexterna), can be economically profitable for the producer, with the cultivation of the biquinho Capsicumsp. pepper between the rows of the coffee plant. The experiment was conducted on two properties, both located in Estrela do Sul - MG. For the production of peppers, a delimited area on the properties was used, between the lines of the Mundo Novo coffee variety. Using the Tukey Test at 5%, the productivity of biquinho pepper was analyzed in conventional ways and the difference in production with the use of biological practices. The use of lacewings in coffee cultivation has a positive influence on pest control of biquinho pepper. planted in a consortium in coffee, since the identification and quantity of pests in pepper was lower in this system than in conventional cultivation.Item Estudo para implantação de estado compacta de esgoto sanitário(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Martins, Noelen Muriel Doimo Prado; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê AméricoThe correct destination and treatment of effluents generated in homes, businesses, industries, and rural areas is a potential sanitation problem. The solutions available for this adversity consist of collection and treatment systems managed by municipalities and city halls, own systems such as septic tanks and, in the absence of resources or negligence of the public power and/or the waste generator, there is the discharge of sewage directly into the soil and water courses. The objective of this work was to present a model of a compact sewage treatment plant (ECTE) composed of septic tanks in lines, reactor and anaerobic filter with ascending flow and fixed bed, flow divider boxes, disinfection unit and gas filter; and preparing and publishing a Technical Manual for the Implementation of a Compact Sewage Treatment Station. The ECTE project presented was developed by the technical team of the Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo (SABESP) and given by the responsible engineer to Universidade Brasil to use it as a model and implement it in the Fernandópolis Campus. For the development of this work, a bibliographic review was carried out seeking research in the areas of sanitation for the basis of the preparation of the technical manual, the ECTE of the district of Onda Branca - SP and its documentation made available by SABESP was also used as a reference. The images and flowcharts developed to illustrate the manual were created on the CANVA website. The technical manual received an ISBN registration and will be distributed free of charge, intended for professionals in the areas of sanitation, engineering or related areas and people interested in implementation of ECTE in order to solve the lack of access to public sewage collection and treatment systems. ECTE is intended to serve small population centers and must be licensed by the relevant environmental agencies and can only be used for the treatment of domestic effluents. ECTE presents efficiency results within the required regulatory parameters and proves that the developed system is technically, economically, and environmentally sustainable.