Engenharia Biomédica

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/33

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Análise da perda de massa muscular esquelética a partir dos achados de bioimpedância em uma coorte de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica
(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Azevedo, Bruna Santos Silva; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de
Despite the benefits from bariatric surgery, the techniques employed are not exempt from complications; among them, malnutrition stands out, which can cause important losses of muscle mass. The proposed research aims to investigate the development of Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) loss in individuals subjected to bariatric surgery, by means of bioimpedance analysis, since it is a simple and reproducible method. Retrospective and observational cohort type study was realized; data were only collected and after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CAE: 37663019.8.0000.5494). The patients included in the study were attended between January 2019 and January 2020, sought service within 12 months after the surgery, and were followed up with clinical and serial bioimpedance evaluations for, at least, 6 months. The variables of interest were: epidemiological, anthropometric, pre- and post-surgery data, and results of serial bioimpedances. The average survival time until the development of low SMM was estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier model. α = 5% was defined. Overall, 29 patients were included in the research, 79.3% of whom were female, and the sample had an average age of 38 years. An average difference of 27.6 kg in body mass was found, when compared to the last anthropometric assessment with the values prior to surgery, which proved to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The average SMM in the first post-surgical bioimpedance was 27.5 kg. After a period of 6 months, the individuals were again evaluated and an average of 26.7 kg was obtained; the loss of SMM was statistically significant (p = 0.033). It was observed that 17.2% of the individuals presented lower SMM values below the lower limit of normality; the Kaplan-Meier survival model estimated a 40% incidence of this outcome in 40 weeks of follow-up. Therefore, the difficulty in losing weight was evidenced, since many patients maintained the body fat percentage above normal after surgery. In addition, a risk of developing SMM loss over time was observed, due to protein deficiencies imposed by the restrictive components of surgery.
Análise de aberrações ópticas em olhos pseudofácicos opacificação após capsulotomia posterior por YAG laser
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Silva, Odenilson; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de
The posterior lens capsule opacification after cataract surgery is the most common complication and the treatment is performed with the use of ND: YAG laser capsulotomy. The aims of this research is to study high-order optical aberrations in patients with pseudophakic eyes, with posterior capsule opacification, before and after posterior YAG Laser capsulotomy. Experimental, longitudinal, quantitative and prospective clinical study approved by the Research Ethics Committee, according to the opinion nº 3.732.939 CAAE: 24984919.3.0000.5494 where the wavefront aberrations were measured with an aberrometer (OPD III Nidek), immediately before da Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, and in 15 days after the procedure. The aberration values were converted to Log on base 10 and the comparison of means was performed with the Student's t test for paired samples. The relationships (post and pre capsulotomy) of the aberrations (spherical, coma and trefoil) were compared between groups of degrees of opacification by an ANOVA and when statistically significant, the Tukey Post-Hoc test was performed. 72 pseudophakic eyes were evaluated, being 15 eyes with grade I opacification, 19 eyes with grade II opacification, 22 eyes with grade III opacification and 16 eyes with grade IV opacification. When comparing total aberrations, the Wilcoxon test confirmed a statistically significant reduction in total trefoil aberrations in grade I; grade II trefoil; spherical, coma and trefoil in grade III and coma and trefoil in grade IV. As for internal aberrations in the eyes with grade I opacification, a statistically significant reduction in the averages of coma and trefoil aberrations was found, in grade II in coma aberrations, while in grade III and IV opacifications a significant reduction in coma and trefoil. One-way ANOVA showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre-capsulotomy ratio for spherical aberrations [F (3.60) = 1.205; p = 0.316]. For coma aberrations, ANOVA also showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre capsulotomy ratio [F (3.60) = 0.190; p = 0.903]. Likewise, for coma aberrations, the test showed no effect of the degree of opacification [F (3.60) = 0.796; p = 0.501]. It is concluded that after analysis in the four opacification groups it was possible to observe a numerical decrease in the average total of the measurements of all total aberrations after the posterior capsulotomy by YAG laser, as well as for the internal aberrations.
Diagnóstico de alterações refracionais em crianças com microcefalia, presumidamente por síndrome congênita do Zika vírus, na região oeste do estado do Mato Grosso
(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Miura, Heloisa; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Oliveira, Helder Cássio de
Refractive errors are among the most common vision disorders in childhood. The objective of this study is to diagnose refractive errors in microcephaly’s children, presumably due to Zika virus congenital syndrome, in western Mato Grosso. Clinical, cross-sectional and observational study, approved by the research ethics committee under the opinion nº 3.825.537 CAAE: 26629819.6.0000.5494 was performed an active search for patients with microcephaly treated at the Specialized Rehabilitation Center in Cáceres city, a reference in multiprofessional microcephally care in western Mato Grosso. Ophthalmological assessments were made of 30 children with microcephaly presumably due to congenital Zika virus syndrome, 14 males and 16 females with a mean age at the time of assessment of 2 years and 4 months. The children were referred to an ophthalmologist, where anamnesis was performed, a refractive examination by retinoscope equipament and schioscopy’s rules, using cyclopentolate eye drops. After the diagnosis of refractive errors, glasses were prescribed. It was possible to diagnose refractive errors in 96,7% of the cases, the most found refractive error was astigmatism, diagnosed in 45 eyes, followed by hyperopia in 43 eyes and, finally, a myopia diagnosed in 12 eyes. Thus it is concluded that the diagnosis of refractive errors was found in all 30 children, the absence of diagnosis and treatment can negatively affect the child development of this population; thus, public policies for early and continuous ophthalmological monitoring maximizes the visual quality and, consequently, the quality of life of patients and their families.