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URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/30
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Bebedouros coletivos: análises microbiológicas e plano de higienização baseado no ambiente de instalação(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Santos, Mateus Leonardo Welika dos; Vazquez, Gisele Herbst; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésDrinking fountains, as they are for collective use, have a great potential for microbiological contamination, mainly due to lack of hygiene and/or contact with users with contaminated hands and mouths. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the physical structure of drinking fountains and the microbiological quality of water in a university. As a secondary objective, a hygiene plan based on training was established for those responsible for cleaning the drinking fountains, in addition to instructive posters on correct hand hygiene and the use of drinking fountains. Seven drinking fountains were evaluated for their state of conservation, location and microbiological quality of the water and its surfaces (taps and vats), in addition to the quality of water from artesian wells and plastic jerry cans, from March to April 2022. Two industrial stainless steel drinking fountains were evaluated, two with a column and three with a gallon of commercial mineral water. The evaluated parameters were: counts and identification of mesophilic microorganisms, total and thermotolerant coliforms. The industrial stainless steel models were located close to laboratories and toilets and were in adequate physical condition, the others in pantries/kitchens, teachers' lounges, reception and inside a veterinary hospital. The microbiological analysis of the water indicated that 71.4% (5) of the drinking fountains had total and thermotolerant coliforms and 100% total mesophiles, therefore outside the standards of Ordinances GM/MS nº 2.914/2011 and 888/2021. The faucets and vats of all equipment also had a higher number of total mesophiles than that proposed by the American Public Health Association (2014), which can be attributed to incorrect cleaning of the drinking fountain, the gallon and the handler's hands and the proximity to toilets. A column and a table water fountain were discarded because they were in poor condition, new industrial models were purchased and positioned in suitable locations. The supplier of gallons of mineral water was replaced and the water tanks in the artesian wells were chlorinated. Two awareness and training lectures were held on the hygiene of drinking fountains for cleaning staff. In the restrooms, instructive posters were posted on hand hygiene. It was concluded that 28% of the drinking fountains are in an inadequate state of conservation and the water and the surface of the faucets and vats of all the university's drinking fountains had microbiological contaminants. A hygiene program was implemented and it is expected that this will contribute to the health and well-being of students, professors, employees and university visitors.Item Dinâmica sazonal da contaminação microbiana da água do Parque Ecológico do Tietê(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Storto, Darlan; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê AméricoThe quality of water resources can be altered by human activities carried out in watersheds. These changes can lead to the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and compromise public health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the water at the Parque Ecológico do Tietê (Ecological Park Tietê) in São Paulo, the antibiotics resistance of isolated E. coli and the correlation between physical-chemical environmental and microbiological variables of the water. Sample localities were georeferenced and identified as P1 - Drinking water from the distribution system; P2 - Main lagoon of the park; and P3- Connection between the main lagoon and the Tietê River. Physical-chemical and microbiological variables were measured, thus Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear regression models were performed to verify the correlation between these variables. The microbiological analysis was performed by inoculating the samples in 3MTMPetrifilmTM plates, incubated at 37 ° C for 48 hours and the E. coli isolated had their antibiotic resistance profile tested by the disk diffusion technique using Mueller Hinton agar. Total coliforms and E. coli were not identified at P1. Total coliforms were identified in 64% of the samples and E. coli was identified in 36% of the samples. Water temperature and precipitation were the most significant correlated variables and the linear regression models showed the influence of seasonality on the concentration of E. coli in the water, with the highest values in the rainy and warmer seasons. The isolated E. coli showed greater resistance to erythromycin (82%) and amoxicillin (55%) in P2, and to erythromycin (82%) and amoxicillin (27%) in P3, with the presence of multiresistant isolates at both points. No strain showed resistance to amikacin. The high rate of resistance of E. coli to the antibiotics frequently used in human and veterinary medicine demonstrates that the contribution of these substances in aquatic ecosystems over the years has exerted a selection pressure on microorganisms, assisting the appearance and spread of resistant bacteria, changing the environmental biota and turning these locations in possible reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.Item Avaliação de indicadores de contaminação microbiana em solos tratados com esterco de aves = assessment of contamination on soil microbial treated with poultry manure(Universidade Brasil, 2016) Borges, Alisson Dias; Andreani Junior, Roberto; kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésItem Qualidade da água na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tietê na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo – SP(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Alves, Alan Rangel; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê AméricoThe monitoring of surface water quality aims to identify problems and look for solutions to improve quality of life and environmental health. This work aimed to evaluate the water quality in the Tietê River Basin in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (São Paulo state, Brazil). The data were obtained through the Inland Water Quality Report of the State of São Paulo of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo. Water samples were collected twice a month during 2018. Eight monitoring points were used located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, which were identified as: P1 in Biritiba Mirim, P2 in Mogi das Cruzes, P3 downstream of Suzano Sewage Treatment Plant (ETE), P4 in Itaquaquecetuba, P5 in Guarulhos, P6 on the avenue bridge Aricanduva in São Paulo, P7 at Ponte das Bandeiras in São Paulo and P8 at Ponte dos Remédios in São Paulo. Nine variables of water quality were analyzed: dissolved oxygen, thermotolerant coliforms, hydrogenic potential, biochemical oxygen demand, water temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, turbidity and total solids. The results obtained through the Inland Water Quality Report of the State of São Paulo of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo were used to calculate the Water Quality Index (AQI) at each monitoring point monthly and annual average. During the year, in points P1 and P2 of the Tietê River, water quality ranged from optimal to acceptable (AQI between 51 and 81). In the other points (P3 to P8) the quality varied between bad and poor (AQI between 13 and 30), which allows to infer that polluting load launched in the Tietê Basin is higher and the state of degradation is in the course located in urbanized regions. The water quality variables evaluated indicate that the study environment influences on anthropic action, represented by the release of domestic and industrial sewage without treatment into the water network of the basin. This requires measures to reduce the deterioration of the river as a result of sewage emissions. In order to the indicators can present results within the standards established by the legislation, they are necessary public policies associated with water management, such as greater investment in basic sanitation, control of sewage disposal in the watershed, and community engagement in water revitalization movements, in order to improve the water quality of the Tietê River and the sustainability of aquatic communities.Item Detecção de bactérias em areia de praias do municipio de Caraguatatuba – SP = detection of bacteria on sandy beaches of Caraguatatuba city(Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, 2015) Tenório, Amanda Nunes; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InêsItem Qualidade da água de hemodiálise do Hospital Regional de Ilha Solteira, SP(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Scavazini, Claudineia Brito dos Santos; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê AméricoThe increase in people with chronic or acute renal failure, which is the loss of renal function, affects all ages and race. These patients undergo a treatment called hemodialysis, which is the filtering of blood by a mechanical process, through a dialyser connected to the patient through an arteriovenous fistula or a catheter, the hemodialysis unit of the Regional Hospital of Ilha Solteira has 19 machines, serves 83 patients. The water used in hemodialysis must be pure, therefore it must be subjected to a specific treatment carried out by devices such as deionizers, mechanical filters, softeners, activated carbon filters and reverse osmosis. This treatment is expensive and has a high risk of contamination. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the quality of the water used in hemodialysis at the Regional hospital in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, in the year 2017. The interest in observing, evaluating the monitoring of water quality in a dialysis clinic in a public hospital, in municipality of Ilha Solteira (SP), was due to the knowledge of the relevant legislation and the concern to verify compliance with it. Therefore, it is also important to know the entire process of water treatment used in the Hemodialysis unit. Visits were made to the hospital with photographic records of all the equipment that makes the water treatment for hemodialysis, with observations and reading of the data recorded in the unit's database. The methodology used was descriptive research and data collection in the hemodialysis sector records of the hospital under study. Four sample points were defined for analysis. The data obtained met the standard for parameter of heterotrophic bacteria. No thermotolerant coliforms were detected. The physicalchemical results showed values compatible with the legislation and indicated a good functioning of the reverse osmosis membrane, avoiding complications to patients.Item Monitoramento e resistência a antibióticos de cepas de Escherichia Coli isoladas da água do Parque do Carmo-SP(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Bellatto, Luiz Cezar; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pine AméricoContamination of water bodies by anthropic activities can alter water quality. This study aimed to monitor the presence and concentration of Escherichia coli in the water of Carmo Park, SP, and to evaluate antibiotic resistance of strains isolated from water. Three collection points were analyzed. The points were identified as: P1 - Stream with preserved riparian forest that supplies the main lagoon, P2 - Secondary lagoon without riparian vegetation and P3 - Main lagoon without riparian vegetation. Temperatures were measured by a portable digital thermometer. The pH was determined by a bench meter. The E. coli concentration was performed by inoculation of the samples in 3M PetrifilmTM plates, incubated in an oven at 37ºC for 48 hours. The isolates were soed in Petri dishes containing Mueller Hinton Agar. The antibiotic resistance profile was evaluated by the disk diffusion technique. Water temperature and rainfall were higher in the summer months, and pH was close to legislation (6.0 to 9.0). Total coliforms were observed in 100% of the samples. The highest results were visualized in P1. The results of E. coli are within the parameters defined in legislation: maximum concentration 1000 CFU/100 mL of water analyzed. The isolated strains showed resistance at three points, in P1 amoxicilline 41.67%, erythromycin 75.00% and tetracycline 66.67%; in P2 amoxicilline 33.33%, erythromycin 66.67%, tetracycline 25%; and P3 erythromycin 91.67%, nitrofurantoin 33.33% and tetracycline 33.33%. The water of Carmo Park has concentrations of E. coli that fall within the limits allowed for class 2 bodies of water. E. coli strains isolated from park water are more resistant to antibiotics amoxicilline, erythromycin and tetracycline.