Qualidade da água na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tietê na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo – SP
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Data
2021
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Universidade Brasil
Resumo
The monitoring of surface water quality aims to identify problems and look for solutions
to improve quality of life and environmental health. This work aimed to evaluate the
water quality in the Tietê River Basin in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (São
Paulo state, Brazil). The data were obtained through the Inland Water Quality Report
of the State of São Paulo of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo.
Water samples were collected twice a month during 2018. Eight monitoring points were
used located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, which were identified as: P1 in
Biritiba Mirim, P2 in Mogi das Cruzes, P3 downstream of Suzano Sewage Treatment
Plant (ETE), P4 in Itaquaquecetuba, P5 in Guarulhos, P6 on the avenue bridge
Aricanduva in São Paulo, P7 at Ponte das Bandeiras in São Paulo and P8 at Ponte
dos Remédios in São Paulo. Nine variables of water quality were analyzed: dissolved
oxygen, thermotolerant coliforms, hydrogenic potential, biochemical oxygen demand,
water temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, turbidity and total solids. The
results obtained through the Inland Water Quality Report of the State of São Paulo of
the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo were used to calculate the
Water Quality Index (AQI) at each monitoring point monthly and annual average.
During the year, in points P1 and P2 of the Tietê River, water quality ranged from
optimal to acceptable (AQI between 51 and 81). In the other points (P3 to P8) the
quality varied between bad and poor (AQI between 13 and 30), which allows to infer
that polluting load launched in the Tietê Basin is higher and the state of degradation is
in the course located in urbanized regions. The water quality variables evaluated
indicate that the study environment influences on anthropic action, represented by the
release of domestic and industrial sewage without treatment into the water network of
the basin. This requires measures to reduce the deterioration of the river as a result
of sewage emissions. In order to the indicators can present results within the standards
established by the legislation, they are necessary public policies associated with water
management, such as greater investment in basic sanitation, control of sewage
disposal in the watershed, and community engagement in water revitalization
movements, in order to improve the water quality of the Tietê River and the
sustainability of aquatic communities.
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Palavras-chave
Coliformes, Turbidez, Esgotos, Recursos Hídricos, Saneamento