Ciências Ambientais
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Bebedouros coletivos: análises microbiológicas e plano de higienização baseado no ambiente de instalação(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Santos, Mateus Leonardo Welika dos; Vazquez, Gisele Herbst; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésDrinking fountains, as they are for collective use, have a great potential for microbiological contamination, mainly due to lack of hygiene and/or contact with users with contaminated hands and mouths. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the physical structure of drinking fountains and the microbiological quality of water in a university. As a secondary objective, a hygiene plan based on training was established for those responsible for cleaning the drinking fountains, in addition to instructive posters on correct hand hygiene and the use of drinking fountains. Seven drinking fountains were evaluated for their state of conservation, location and microbiological quality of the water and its surfaces (taps and vats), in addition to the quality of water from artesian wells and plastic jerry cans, from March to April 2022. Two industrial stainless steel drinking fountains were evaluated, two with a column and three with a gallon of commercial mineral water. The evaluated parameters were: counts and identification of mesophilic microorganisms, total and thermotolerant coliforms. The industrial stainless steel models were located close to laboratories and toilets and were in adequate physical condition, the others in pantries/kitchens, teachers' lounges, reception and inside a veterinary hospital. The microbiological analysis of the water indicated that 71.4% (5) of the drinking fountains had total and thermotolerant coliforms and 100% total mesophiles, therefore outside the standards of Ordinances GM/MS nº 2.914/2011 and 888/2021. The faucets and vats of all equipment also had a higher number of total mesophiles than that proposed by the American Public Health Association (2014), which can be attributed to incorrect cleaning of the drinking fountain, the gallon and the handler's hands and the proximity to toilets. A column and a table water fountain were discarded because they were in poor condition, new industrial models were purchased and positioned in suitable locations. The supplier of gallons of mineral water was replaced and the water tanks in the artesian wells were chlorinated. Two awareness and training lectures were held on the hygiene of drinking fountains for cleaning staff. In the restrooms, instructive posters were posted on hand hygiene. It was concluded that 28% of the drinking fountains are in an inadequate state of conservation and the water and the surface of the faucets and vats of all the university's drinking fountains had microbiological contaminants. A hygiene program was implemented and it is expected that this will contribute to the health and well-being of students, professors, employees and university visitors.Item Percepção dos estudantes do curso de graduação em odontologia sobre biossegurança e Resíduos em Serviço em Saúde (RSS).(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Mendes, Melissa Carla Viriato; Frias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues; Lima, Leonice Domingos dos Santos CintraBiosafety and the management of health service waste (RSS) are extremely important practices for the dental professional, because they guarantee safety and protection both for the professional and for society, animals and the environment. In this sense, the present research aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge of students of the Dentistry Course of the University of Brazil regarding Biosafety and Waste Management of the Health Service. For this, a qualitative-quantitative, descriptive and exploratory research was carried out in a sample population composed of 100 students of the Dentistry course. An interview was conducted through the application of a structured questionnaire composed of comprehensive questions related to knowledge about biosafety and the destination of the RSS generated by the dental clinic. After the application of the questionnaire the data were tabulated in a spreadsheet of the Microsoft Excel®️ software forming the database, which was analyzed through technological resources for the production of descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the data obtained, graphic material was produced in folder format containing recommendations regarding biosafety and the management of RSS produced by the dental clinic. They highlighted among the interviewees, individuals aged between 18 and 29 years, female and single. Everyone said they have knowledge about what biosafety is, and 87% about RSS. As for the biosafety procedures that should be instituted in a Dental Clinic, 80% cited the use of PPE, sterilization, asepsis, hand hygiene, use of physical barrier, while 14% did not know how to answer. The importance of inserting the themes in the curriculum of the course, 89% said it was very important, 9% preferred not to give their opinion and 2% said they thought the themes are not relevant. Regarding the Health Service Waste Management Plan (PGRSS), 47% said they did not know that RSS generators should draw up and implement this plan. It was concluded that the students of the Dentistry Course have knowledge about the themes proposed in this research, but it was noted the need to intensify negotiations on the subject in the daily life of these students, because some still indicated that they did not find the subject of biosafety and management of RSS important for a dentist.Item Termo de ajustamento de conduta em conflitos ambientais para promoção das políticas de saúde única(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Kamiyama, Silmara Adriana Martins; Belo, Marco Antonio de AndradeBased on the need to promote social well-being and environmental preservation, this study seeks to demonstrate the prophylactic nature of the conduct adjustment agreement as an instrument capable of bringing speed and efficiency to the resolution and compensation of divergences in environmental issues for the promotion of One Health policies, which permeate the health of the environment and its integration with human and animal health. Therefore, the objective of this study is to demonstrate that with the need to preserve the environment and the existence of legal alternatives in relation to environmental protection and conflict resolution, it is possible to use the conduct adjustment agreement as a way of aligning progress with preservation with a focus on One Health, aiming at the harmonious coexistence between humans, animals and the environment. The qualitative methodology follows the procedures of documentary work through descriptive bibliographic research. Five Conduct Adjustment agreements signed in the Municipality of Fernandópolis were analyzed as examples. The results of the examples cited indicate that the terms of conduct established in environmental conflicts can be an alternative for the preservation of the common good, since it is necessary to consider that socio-environmental changes affect the health profile of a population with effects that go beyond territorial and temporal limits.Item Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos da saúde no noroeste paulista(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Vieira, Luiz Carlos; Freitas, Luciana Secches de; Vanzela, Luiz SergioPopulation growth in the last decades is accompanied by a series of environmental impacts, among which the generation of solid waste stands out, especially from health services (RSS) that may have infectious biological agents that significantly impact the environment, if poorly managed. In the management of RSS are involved generators (establishments that offer health services), receivers (companies/institutions licensed for the treatment and destination of RSS), managers (municipal health or environmental bodies responsible for municipal management of RSS) and inspectors (inspectors/sanitary surveillance agents), and knowledge of the current situation regarding the generation and management of these types of waste, which is essential for public health and sustainable development. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the situation of solid waste management of health services (RSS) in Northwest Paulista. The research was conducted in the 153 municipalities located in the Administrative Regions of São José do Rio Preto and Araçatuba, which together make up the Northwest Paulista. The evaluation of the RSS's management was carried out through the application of four questionnaires intended for the follow-up of the management of RSS (generators, receivers, managers and inspectors) and from the quantitative data of RSS obtained in official bases. The data were organized and analyzed separately by frequency distribution and the relationships of interest by the chi-square test. The current scenario in the Northwest of São Paulo, drawn from the data of this research, demonstrates insecurity in the management of the totality of the RSS, requiring a more effective participation of municipal administrations in the elaboration of public policies that are more focused on improving the precision in the monitoring of the amount generated, in the correct handling by the generators, in the effectiveness of the inspection and in the destination of these residues in licensed places.Item Os impactos da pandemia do Covid-19 sobre gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de saúde em âmbito hospitalar(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Oliveira, Marli Lúcia de; Aguiar, Denise Regina da CostaIn the context of the pandemic of COVID-19, the increased generation of solid health care waste can be understood as a factor related to the incidence of coronavirus cases and its impacts on society. This investigation aimed to verify the consequences of the increase in solid health care waste as well as their practices of responding to the handling of these materials,in a hospital setting, in times of pandemic. The research was developed with a quantitative-qualitative approach, through secondary sources, through the search of articles, governmental references, dissertations and a documentary analysis regarding the generation of solid health care waste was developed at the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia located in Uberlândia/MG. Studies have shown that solid health waste generation has increased expressively in the hospital with the COVID 19 pandemic. The study suggested the improvement of a continuing education program for health professionals of the establishment, in order to strengthen the knowledge about the management of solid health wasteItem O descarte de medicamentos e a percepção dos danos ao Meio ambiente pela população de Frutal - MG(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Heitor, Camilla Cortes Carvalho; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê AméricoThe increase in the production and consumption of medicines associated with their incorrect disposal can compromise human and environmental health. This research aimed to evaluate household disposal of medicines and perception of damage to the environment by the population of Frutal - MG, Brazil. As a methodology, a questionnaire was created via Google Forms (free and free platform) with multiple choice questions about age group; sex; income; schooling; disposal of packaging, medication, expired drugs; return to pharmacies; storage; knowledge of the population about damage to the environment. The study made it possible to achieve an inference of 3.20% confidence and 99% reliability within the collected sample. The questionnaire was answered by 1,561 people in the municipality. The results showed that the prevalent age group was between 18 and 29 years old (32.9%). They observed that 70.5% of the answers were female, income of 1 to 2 wages (27.3%), most with higher education (27.8%); 92.7% of the population makes the incorrect disposal and only 7.3% they do it properly; 62.7% of people said they caused damage to the soil by improperly disposing of drugs, 62.3% caused damage to water, 47.5% damage to health and the population and 1.7% there is no contamination when improperly disposing of medicines. They concluded that the population demonstrated understanding about the damage caused to the environment in relation to incorrect disposal, but an intervention is necessary mainly on how to do this disposal properlyItem Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Sífilis notificados na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Fernandópolis - SP(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Prandi Junior, Claudemir Aloisio; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésSyphilis is a chronic infectious disease, caused by the etiologic agent Treponema pallidum. It can be transmitted sexually (acquired syphilis), vertical (congenital syphilis), where the mother transmits the infection to the fetus through the placenta and indirectly, through contaminated objects and blood transfusions. The presentation of the signs and symptoms of the disease is variable and complex. When left untreated, it evolves into more serious forms, which can compromise the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal system. Although treatment with penicillin is effective in the early stages of the disease, prevention methods must be implemented, as acquiring syphilis exposes people to an increased risk for other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), including AIDS. The present study describes the epidemiological profile of the disease in the cases notified to the Municipal Health Department of Fernandópolis, State of São Paulo, Brazil, from January 2011 to December 2018. Data were collected from the notification forms of the System Diseases Information System (SINAN). There was a predominance of the disease in males (63.71%), with complete high school (35.08%), predominance of the white race (68.97%) and age between 20-29 years (34.36 %). Syphilis Notification Sheets are different for the classifications - Acquired, Pregnant and Congenital. This work made it possible to identify the characteristics of syphilis in the population analyzed, in the municipality of Fernandópolis / SP. There was a lack of information, with incomplete data and no answers.Item Gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde do município de Ilha Solteira - SP(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Maciel, Lucimar Milheviez; Tagliaferro, Evandro RobertoBasic Health Units (BHU) and Family Health Strategy Units (FHSU) are facilities that provide basic care services to the population of a municipality. The management of Waste from Health Services (WHS) generated by these units takes place in interdependent stages whose purpose is to preserve the well-being of the employees, conserve the environment, and provide security to the population. In Brazil, there is extensive legislation that regulates the issue with the generating units. This study aimed to analyze the management of this Waste from Health Services in Basic Health and Family Health Strategy Units in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, between 2011 and 2018, using bibliographic and documentary research, combined with observation and photographic record of the management actions adopted by the municipal administration. They found that the municipality has an Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan that, since 2012, establishes the correct management of waste, as an obligation of health managers and other workers of these institutions. According to the collected data, a gap between the knowledge of health professionals regarding Health Services Waste and the conceptual aspects of this subject can be observed. As a result, the definition of "Health Services Waste" is confused with that of "Infectious Waste", and other terms are used to refer to this type of waste; training and awareness on the co-responsibility for these residues during the processes of generating, handling and final destination of these residues in a correct manner is insufficient. The efficiency in providing these services is a constant concern, but there is a lack of attention to fundamental issues. They concluded that the system needs further improvement. Investments in continued education, training of health professionals and clarification of the population are fundamental for the solution of issues involving the proper management of WHS and the correct implementation of legislation.Item Epidemiologia dos casos de hanseníase notificados no município de Guaraí, Tocantins, de 2008 a 2018(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dias, Adriana Keila; Frias, Danila Fernanda RodriguesLeprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and is endemic in Brazil and hyperendemic in the state of Tocantins. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze the epidemiological data of leprosy available in the public domain between the years 2008 to 2018 in the municipality of Guaraí, Tocantins. This is a crosssectional, descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study based on secondary data, collected from the information in TABNET / DATASUS. Between 2008 and 2018, 328 cases of leprosy were recorded in the municipality of Guaraí, with a general hyperendemic detection coefficient in 2008, 2009 and 2012, very high in 2010 and 2013, high in 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017. The distribution by age group was 35 - 49 years old with 96 (29%) cases, followed by 20 - 30 with 78 (24%) cases, and 50-64 also with 78 (24%) cases. Grade II (Multibacillary) was reported in 125 cases, Grade I (Multibacillary) was reported 31 cases, and Grade I (Paucibacillary) 76 cases, while Grade 0 was reported 96 cases. Only 04 (1.2%) had relapses, and the number of communicants was 328 positive cases had home and social contacts recorded in the records, of these 80.5% of cases had all communicants evaluated. Given the above, the need for measures that reveal the epidemiological reality of leprosy in Guaraí is reinforced, raising aspects that may contribute to prevention, diagnosis and early treatment, in order to reduce the morbidity and physical disabilities resulting from the disease.