Ciências Ambientais
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos da saúde no noroeste paulista(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Vieira, Luiz Carlos; Freitas, Luciana Secches de; Vanzela, Luiz SergioPopulation growth in the last decades is accompanied by a series of environmental impacts, among which the generation of solid waste stands out, especially from health services (RSS) that may have infectious biological agents that significantly impact the environment, if poorly managed. In the management of RSS are involved generators (establishments that offer health services), receivers (companies/institutions licensed for the treatment and destination of RSS), managers (municipal health or environmental bodies responsible for municipal management of RSS) and inspectors (inspectors/sanitary surveillance agents), and knowledge of the current situation regarding the generation and management of these types of waste, which is essential for public health and sustainable development. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the situation of solid waste management of health services (RSS) in Northwest Paulista. The research was conducted in the 153 municipalities located in the Administrative Regions of São José do Rio Preto and Araçatuba, which together make up the Northwest Paulista. The evaluation of the RSS's management was carried out through the application of four questionnaires intended for the follow-up of the management of RSS (generators, receivers, managers and inspectors) and from the quantitative data of RSS obtained in official bases. The data were organized and analyzed separately by frequency distribution and the relationships of interest by the chi-square test. The current scenario in the Northwest of São Paulo, drawn from the data of this research, demonstrates insecurity in the management of the totality of the RSS, requiring a more effective participation of municipal administrations in the elaboration of public policies that are more focused on improving the precision in the monitoring of the amount generated, in the correct handling by the generators, in the effectiveness of the inspection and in the destination of these residues in licensed places.Item Qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da cerveja caseira de Guarapuava/PR – Brasil(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Ribas, Marilda Nunes; Vazquez, Gisele Herbst“Cerveja Caseira” is a homebrewed beer and a craft drink sold in the city of Guarapuava/Brazil, from the culture of Slavic immigrants, adapted to Brazilian ingredients, much appreciated in the region and spread by popular knowledge. The objective of this research was to carry out a physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of the homebrewed beer produced and commercialized in Guarapuava/ state of Paraná-BR. Fifty-six samples were analyzed, divided into 14 lots with four replications, acquired in October and November 2020 in streets, residences, commerce and producer fairs. For the physicochemical analyses, the parameters of color, pH, original extract, apparent extract, alcohol, density, bitterness, SO2 and calories were analyzed. For the microbiological evaluation, the total count of aerobic mesophiles, total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase positive Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp, molds and yeasts were analyzed. The physicalchemical results obtained indicated the lack of standardization in the production of homemade beer, with large variations in color, original and apparent extract, alcohol content and bitterness. As for microbiological analysis, all batches of homemade beers showed pathogens, mainly mesophiles, yeasts and Staphylococcus aureus, without the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms, important indicators of contamination. According to Brazilian beer legislation, only lot 4 could be marketed, despite having a high alcohol content of 2.5%, which characterizes it as an alcoholic beverage, not being possible for consumption by children and adolescents. Homemade beer recipes are passed from generation to generation, adapted to the climate and products available in Brazil, being an intangible cultural heritage of the western region of Paraná that needs to be preserved.Item Os impactos da pandemia do Covid-19 sobre gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de saúde em âmbito hospitalar(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Oliveira, Marli Lúcia de; Aguiar, Denise Regina da CostaIn the context of the pandemic of COVID-19, the increased generation of solid health care waste can be understood as a factor related to the incidence of coronavirus cases and its impacts on society. This investigation aimed to verify the consequences of the increase in solid health care waste as well as their practices of responding to the handling of these materials,in a hospital setting, in times of pandemic. The research was developed with a quantitative-qualitative approach, through secondary sources, through the search of articles, governmental references, dissertations and a documentary analysis regarding the generation of solid health care waste was developed at the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia located in Uberlândia/MG. Studies have shown that solid health waste generation has increased expressively in the hospital with the COVID 19 pandemic. The study suggested the improvement of a continuing education program for health professionals of the establishment, in order to strengthen the knowledge about the management of solid health wasteItem O Sistema Único da Assistência Social de Porto Nacional e a normati- va Naturatins nº 5: propostas para a intersetorialidade de políticas socio- ambientais(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Magalhães e Silva, Nara Rubia; Lima, Leonice Domingos dos Santos CintraThe intersectoriality of the services offered with the integral protection of individuals, and, as a form of management and articulation between the various sectors of social policies, the present work aims to present the intersectoriality of the municipal policy of the Unified Social Assistance System - SUAS of Porto National as a mechanism of fundamental importance in the viability of the Naturatins No. 5 regulation as a way of providing socio-environmental policies to protect the environment, with greater emphasis on the prevention and control of the use of fire. Bibliographic and documental analysis was used as a research methodology, anchored in the SUAS Municipal Plan and the normative nº 5 of Naturatins. Data were collected and subjected to analysis, centered on the concept of intersectoriality, socio-environmental policies and the urbanization process, based on a dialectical perspective. The results achieved allowed us to identify that the municipality of Porto Nacional - TO precarizes the intersectoriality of socio-environmental actions with those of social assistance, conditioning its population to the dominant standards of protection for the poor in Brazil, given that it has a greater housing contingency of people in a situation of extreme social vulnerability and not bring in its social assistance policy matrix subsidies and technical mechanisms that guarantee to those who need it social assistance support with a bias towards the empowerment of families, so it is concluded that the absence of normative instruction extended to the paradigm of that the vulnerable local population is not worthy of accessing education and environmental enhancement programs in their social assistance servicesItem Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2020 a 2021(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Gourlart, Luiz Fernando Moura; Frias, Danila Fernanda RodriguesThe increase in the number of cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) associated with Sars-CoV-2 has originated one of the largest public health emergencies worldwide. This study was developed to examine the epidemiological profile of SARS in the state of Minas Gerais during 2020 and 2021. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and qualitative-quantitative investigation was carried out using the state of Minas Gerais as the unit of analysis. Data were collected from the SIVEP-Gripe (Flu) system and the COVID-19 Case Monitoring Panel, for the years 2020 and 2021. The following variables were analyzed: total COVID-19 cases, total SARS and SARS due to COVID-19, age, gender, race, final classification, and evolution outcome. The data were entered in a spreadsheet, analyzed, and published in the form of graphs, tables, and graphs. The state had 315,726 cases of SARS, of which 58.6% were caused by Sars-CoV-2. Most individuals who had SARS were male (53.2%), aged over 60 years (50.9%), and mixed-race (45.4%). Among the SARS cases, 23.3% evolved to death, and, of these, 77.6% had COVID-19 as the underlying cause. The regions of Uberlândia, Belo Horizonte, Coronel Fabriciano, Patos de Minas, Uberaba, Ituiutaba, Leopoldina, Governador Valadares, and Juiz de Fora had the highest occurrences of SARS/1000 inhabitants. The regions of São João Del Rei, Teófilo Otoni, Passos, and Uberaba stood out with a high lethality rate of patients who had SARS due to COVID-19. The distribution of reported SARS cases and deaths in Minas Gerais was heterogeneous, with a greater number of cases occurring in municipalities with higher population density. The questions presented in this study revealed the deficiencies, weaknesses, and diversities in the response capacities to face the pandemic, suggesting the need for decentralization and restructuring of the health system of several municipalities in the state.Item Perfil ecoepidemiológico dos casos de COVID19 notificados na Secretaria de Saúde da cidade de Araguari, MG(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Carvalho, Graciele de Jesus; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésPublic Health is experiencing in the 21st century, a time of pandemic with the fight against the disease that initially appears in the People's Republic of China, dragging itself to the rest of the world population, causing, in addition to major disturbances in public health, countless losses with a high rate of deaths. by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the ecoepidemiological profile of COVID-19 in the city of Araguari, MG, and the relationship between the Unified Health System at times of global crisis. The study was carried out through a bibliographical research, and the occurrences of the disease in the mentioned city with data exposed through a control spreadsheet elaborated by the Departments of Planning and Epidemiology of the Municipal Health Department. The pandemic triggered moments of fragility in the world health system, in Araguari caused high rates of its occurrence with large losses, with 19,939 citizens who contracted the disease, confirming 474 deaths motivated by COVID-19, with 54 hospitalized in wards in the city's hospitals, and 03 people are in the ICU, until the closing this study, in the knowledge that the numbers are still growing at a smaller but existing rate.Item Educação ambiental crítica: proposta de um método de ensino e aprendizagem pelas histórias em quadrinhos(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Campato, Luciana Sabio Marostica; Campato Júnior, João AdalbertoHuman beings interact with the environment, sometimes putting it at risk. Environmental education is shown as an alternative to alleviate this harmful situation, especially if developed through attractive and playful languages for students, such as comic books. The present dissertation - derived from qualitative and bibliographic research - aims to provide Elementary School 1 teachers with a method of teaching and learning critical environmental education based on the teacher's self-application of a standard questionnaire that enables him to critically approach environmental-themed comics with students in a more politicized and less naive way.Item Dinâmica sazonal da contaminação microbiana da água do Parque Ecológico do Tietê(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Storto, Darlan; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê AméricoThe quality of water resources can be altered by human activities carried out in watersheds. These changes can lead to the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and compromise public health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the water at the Parque Ecológico do Tietê (Ecological Park Tietê) in São Paulo, the antibiotics resistance of isolated E. coli and the correlation between physical-chemical environmental and microbiological variables of the water. Sample localities were georeferenced and identified as P1 - Drinking water from the distribution system; P2 - Main lagoon of the park; and P3- Connection between the main lagoon and the Tietê River. Physical-chemical and microbiological variables were measured, thus Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear regression models were performed to verify the correlation between these variables. The microbiological analysis was performed by inoculating the samples in 3MTMPetrifilmTM plates, incubated at 37 ° C for 48 hours and the E. coli isolated had their antibiotic resistance profile tested by the disk diffusion technique using Mueller Hinton agar. Total coliforms and E. coli were not identified at P1. Total coliforms were identified in 64% of the samples and E. coli was identified in 36% of the samples. Water temperature and precipitation were the most significant correlated variables and the linear regression models showed the influence of seasonality on the concentration of E. coli in the water, with the highest values in the rainy and warmer seasons. The isolated E. coli showed greater resistance to erythromycin (82%) and amoxicillin (55%) in P2, and to erythromycin (82%) and amoxicillin (27%) in P3, with the presence of multiresistant isolates at both points. No strain showed resistance to amikacin. The high rate of resistance of E. coli to the antibiotics frequently used in human and veterinary medicine demonstrates that the contribution of these substances in aquatic ecosystems over the years has exerted a selection pressure on microorganisms, assisting the appearance and spread of resistant bacteria, changing the environmental biota and turning these locations in possible reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.Item A medição como método de solução de conflitos e a eficácia na reparação do dano ambiental(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Silva, Vinicius Aparecido da Graça; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésThe research suggests the insertion of mediation as a method of solving environmental conflicts. This new alternative for pacifying disputes is an important tool for the rapid recovery of environmental damage and/or eventual material compensation by the polluter. Self-composition reduces the time required for demands and, logically, the implementation of this conflict resolution mechanism seeks to build spaces of consensus between the private sector and the Public Administration. Also, selfcomposition will reduce the judicialization of environmental issues. Law 13.140/2015 and the new Code of Civil Procedure (Law 13.105/2015) authorize that environmental disputes be submitted to mediation. However, State bodies are still resistant to the use of this legal tool to resolve impasses. This modality of appeasement for environmental demands drives the exercise of citizenship through the self-composition of issues of public interest, seeking not only to clear the judging bodies, but to demonstrate that efficiency in solving problems that impact the environment is a duty of all. Thus, the general objective is to analyze these new legislations related to mediation in the environmental area and specific objectives to demonstrate that the judicialization of conflicts is not the best option in environmental protection due to the slowness of the Judiciary, as well as to present a proposal to the Universidade Brasil become a mediation chamber on environmental issues. The study was carried out through theoretical bibliographical and documentary research, and with the adoption of the analytical explanatory method. As a result, the State must reorganize the methods of environmental repair in a complete, quick and safe way because the community and future generations cannot be penalized by the State bureaucracy.Item Licenciamento ambiental da aquicultura no Estado de São Paulo(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Secanho, Antonelli Antonio Moreira Baracat; Mansano, Cleber Fernando MenegassoA major challenge of the current society of the 21st century is the search for conciliation between guaranteeing an ecologically balanced environment and the exploitation of economic activity, such as aquaculture. Thus, the objective of this work was to address the issue of environmental licensing in aquaculture: the balance between environmental protection and the activity of aquaculture, under the bias of constitutional guarantees of the intergenerational right to an ecologically balanced environment; the free exercise of any work, craft or profession and the valuation of human work, as a way to ensure the dignified existence of the fish farmer, according to the dictates of social justice, in order to reconcile these guarantees that limit potentially polluting activities, with the need socio-economic status of aquaculturists for family subsistence. Furthermore, it is certain that the bureaucratization of the environmental licensing institute ends up, on several occasions, harming the small producer, as the operational and legislative difficulties make the aquaculture's low economic power prove to be an impediment to obtaining environmental licenses. The methodology used was supported by a literature review and relevant specific legislation, in addition to Brazilian jurisprudence. The research was qualitative and quantitative. The study site focused on the entire State of São Paulo. One of the possible solutions reached is the application of the Environmental Licensing Booklet, in order to optimize the production of fish and the protection of the environment.