Produção Animal
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/34
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121 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Inspeção de bovinos: prevalência de condenações em frigorífico SIE - Porto Velho / Rondônia(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Tenório, Tony Edgley Catão; Bertipaglia, Liandra Maria Abaker; Melo, Gabriel Maurício Peruca deThe work aimed to identify and document the main causes of head, tongue, foot, lips, liver, lung and heart condemnations of cattle in slaughterhouses under the State Inspection Service (SIE) in Porto Velho, Rondônia, as well as to determine the economic losses resulting from inadequate handling of the animal during pre-slaughter and failures related to the inexperience of the technician responsible. The research was carried out at the Areia Branca Frigorific, located in the Municipality of Porto Velho, in the State of Rondônia, through documentary analysis of official health inspection reports and official data referring to the condemnations of slaughtered cattle. The data were tabulated in an electronic spreadsheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that during the year 2023, there were several occurrences of injuries and convictions, with the highest incidences for the liver (3988 cases), caused by teleangiectasia, the lungs (11885 convictions), with the main cause being contamination and for the kidneys (19,443 convictions), of which 13,149 were due to contamination. There was a total of R$124,866.52 in economic losses, with the highest values relating to the liver with R$116,146.51 and the feet with a total of R$7,900.20. Therefore, it is concluded that it is extremely necessary to strictly implement hygiene, care and appropriate management measures that cover all phases of the slaughter process, in order to minimize and prevent contamination, the main reason for condemnations, as well as, carrying out training for everyone involved in the management of animals in the pre-slaughter phase, aiming to minimize financial losses, to provide quality products with lower losses.Item Desenvolvimento de plataforma digital para avaliar a ambiência em instalações de aves de produção(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Marini, Marina Tabalipa; Sgavioli, Sarah; Pereira, Luiz Arthur MaltaA importância da avaliação da ambiência em instalações de aves de produção é inegável na avicultura. Aves criadas fora da ambiência adequada podem sofrer queda de produtividade, comprometimento do bem-estar e problemas no desenvolvimento biológico dos sistemas. Portanto, é crucial mensurar, avaliar e qualificar a ambiência no interior dessas instalações para garantir o sucesso da avicultura. Este trabalho propôs a criação de uma plataforma acessível e prática para produtores rurais. Por meio da web (rede) usada em dispositivos como smartphones e tablets, os produtores podem acompanhar os cálculos dos índices de ambiência, verificar se os valores encontrados para os índices e variáveis bioclimáticas estão de acordo com o recomendado e identificar possíveis soluções para desvios encontrados. A plataforma fornece informações em tempo real, geradas por dispositivos instalados em galpões de aves de produção (frangos de corte, poedeiras comerciais e matrizes). Todo o software desenvolvido foi hospedado em um servidor web terceirizado. As funcionalidades administrativas da plataforma, que incluem gerenciamento de conteúdo e visualização de gráficos, entre outras, estão disponíveis para acesso no endereço eletrônico www.pmppa.com.br/aves. Essas funcionalidades podem ser acessadas de qualquer dispositivo com conexão à internet. Este trabalho possibilitou a avaliação, monitoramento e identificação de problemas relacionados à ambiência das instalações, além do armazenamento dos dados encontrados. Isso auxilia o produtor através de sugestões de ações sobre os manejos necessários para manter as aves na ambiência adequada.Item Parâmetros fisiológicos e desempenho de novilhas mestiças confinadas recebendo óleos essenciais na água de bebida(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Meira Filho, Wanderley Rocha; Dian, Paulo Henrique MouraThis study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters (rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and surface temperature of body regions) and performance (feed efficiency, feed conversion, and average daily gain) of crossbred ½ Angus x ½ Nelore heifers kept in feedlots and receiving eucalyptus and mint essential oils diluted in drinking water. The study was previously approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals (protocol 2200038). The experiment was conducted on a rural property associated with Universidade Brasil, in the municipality of Descalvado. Twelve animals, approximately 12 months old and weighing an average of 258,21±36,84 kg, were randomly distributed in individual covered stalls measuring 12m², with individual feeders and drinkers and a concrete floor, and divided into two treatments: T1 – drinking water with the addition of eucalyptus and mint essential oils at a concentration of 0.025%; T2 – drinking water without the addition of essential oils. The adaptation to the diet and facilities lasted 14 days. The experimental period was 36 days, with weighing on days 0, 18 and 36, totaling three weighings throughout the experiment. The diets were provided twice a day, at 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, and the diets were weighed individually, as well as the leftovers, for individual control of consumption. The water in the drinkers was changed daily, and consumption was controlled by measuring the water provided and the leftovers at the end of the day. During the weighings, rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded. Daily thermographic images were obtained from the animals using the nasal mirror, side, chin and forehead, at 2:00 pm, at a distance of 1.5 m. The average climatic conditions were recorded and the temperature and humidity indexes (ITU) and black globe temperature and humidity (ITGU) were estimated. Water consumption was lower in animals that received essential oils in their drinking water compared to animals in the control group (p<0.05). The parameters of dry matter consumption, live weight, feed conversion, feed efficiency and average daily gain were not affected by the supply of essential oils (p≥0.05). The surface temperature of the side region, in the fifth week of the experimental period, was lower in heifers that received essential oils. The variables of surface temperature, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate of the animals did not differ between treatments. Supplementation of eucalyptus and mint based essential oils in drinking water showed promise in reducing water consumption and modulating surface temperature in specific areas of the animals, without compromising zootechnical performance parameters.Item Efeitos da suplementação com antioxidantes nos parâmetros hematológicos de bezerras lactentes da raça holandesa(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Moitinho, Aurélio Marcos dos Santos; Bertipaglia, Liandra Maria Abaker; Melo, Gabriel Maurício Peruca deCalf growth is challenged by environmental, sanitary, and nutritional stress, which exposes calves to oxidative stress and increases their susceptibility to diseases. Ensuring adequate sanitary and nutritional conditions is crucial for calves to overcome these challenges, develop good health, and become productive and long-lived animals. In this context, antioxidant supplementation emerges as a promising strategy to promote calf health and well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the hematological response of lactating Holstein female calves. Thirty calves were randomly divided into two groups: a supplemented group (received weekly oral supplementation with an antioxidant-based formulation) and a control group (received weekly oral supplementation with the same base formulation but without antioxidants). The experiment lasted 63 days with weekly supplementation. Blood samples were collected every 21 days during the experiment for complete blood count analysis. Oral supplementation with antioxidants demonstrated significant results in modulating hematological parameters. An increase in hematocrit, erythrocytes and hemoglobin compared to the control group. Furthermore, supplementation significantly increased leukocytes, especially lymphocytes, indicating improvement in the innate immune response. These findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation may be an effective strategy for improving hematological and immunological health in calves.Item Desenvolvimento de sistema de identificação individual e rastreabilidade de bovinos de corte por RFID(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Peres, Júlio Cesar Rocha; Soares, Vando Edésio; Pereira, Luiz Arthur MaltaThe objective of this research was to develop an individual identification and traceability system for beef cattle using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The research was conducted with a view to creating a user-friendly module, aiming at self service, in order to allow producers, regardless of their level of knowledge of technologies, to feel capable of entering the necessary information to ensure the traceability of the animals. An easy-to-use system was designed for users with different levels of familiarity with computers, using the PHP language, designed for web development and executed on the server. In addition to PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript and the Bootstrap framework were used, which facilitate the creation of responsive websites. The database structure was designed and created in MySQL, a relational database management system that allows the storage of various types of data. The results of the bibliographic review indicated that Brazil has reached a high level with the results of Brazilian livestock farming, with large investments that provide food safety and quality of meat for the Brazilian market. Likewise, the State of Rondônia has international health recognition status, as it has rigorously met the requirements and requirements of the foreign market, one of which is animal traceability, allowing for the identification of animals with greater security. During the development of the system, its efficiency was verified in all testing phases and its operation, with the platform's functionalities being validated using program-based testing, known as functional testing or black box testing. The system created was made available free of charge at the electronic address www.pmppa.com.br/rastreabilidade. Thus, it was concluded that the use of this system is relevant, as it aims to individually identify each animal belonging to the producers' herd and its entire history, with the primary focus being to ensure compliance with the required standards and health control.Item Avaliação dos custos da IATF e TETF na produção de bezerros PO da raça Nelore(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Polli, Marcos Gabriel Carneiro; Orlandi, Cássia Maria BarrosoReproductive efficiency is fundamental for high genetic beef cattle herds and not always quickly, capital turnover achieved. The literature is scarce about evaluation of finance information in terms of high genetic calf production. This evaluation is important, considering the high value in capital invested. The present study evaluated two reproductive biotechnologies TAI (timed artificial insemination ) and FTET (fixed timed embryo transfer), considering costs, losses and profits of activities in two retreat farm which are from the same property in Comodoro, Mato Grosso, during the breeding season of 2022 to 2023. At Retreat 1, 432 Nelore pure bred beef cattle were submitted to TAI protocols, while at Retreat 2, 375 half blood Nelore cattle were used as recipient cattle for FTET. The embryos transferred were from in vitro production laboratory, being IVF (in vitro fertilized) embryos processed for storage based on distinct methodologies: fresh, vitrified and DT (direct transferred). The TAI resulted in 311 pregnant cattle, representing 72% of pregnancy rates, R$ 228.200,00; total costs and R$ 733,76 cost for pregnancy; while FTET resulted in 243 pregnant recipient, with 65% of pregnancy rates, with R$ 287.787,00, total costs and R$ 1.183,48 cost for pregnancy. Regarding the Nelore pure bred calf production costs, the numbers and costs were respectively TAI (n= 276) and R$ 826,81; while for FTET (n= 175), the costs were R$ 1.644,50. FTET exceeded TAI in R$ 59.587,00; considering high pregnancy losses for this biotechnology until birth of calves , which represented 28% of FTET lost rate, resulting in additional 11% of losses compared to TAI (17%) lost rate. FTET have currently being implanted, nevertheless, measures and criteria needed to be adjusted, as nutrition and reproductive management; all those aspects searching for sanitary control, which would certainly minimize the findings reported unitl the present moment.Item Estudo mercadológico do mel em Porto Velho-RO(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Rubin, Gabriel André; Soares, Vando Edésio; Silva, André de AlmeidaThe research was carried out in the municipality of Porto Velho-RO, covering the urban perimeter. Data was collected from local supermarkets in 33 of the 77 neighborhoods. The study focused on the sale of Apis meliffera honey, collecting information on the percentage of supermarkets selling honey, have health inspection, organic certification and the origin of brands, differentiating between regional products and those from other states. The main objective was to demonstrate the importance of the honey market in Porto Velho and to show local beekeepers the importance of qualifying their products through health inspection and organic certification, so that they can better take advantage of market opportunities and occupy the commercial space currently dominated by beekeepers from other regions. The results showed that 78% of the supermarkets in Porto Velho sell honey, 56% of the available honey has no health inspection, 44% comes from other states and only 22% is produced in Rondônia. The current scenario suggests the need for policies that promote safer and more regulated honey production and marketing, emphasizing the importance of initiatives to improve sanitary and organic certification practices, strengthen the local economy, benefit public health and environmental conservation, and positioning Porto Velho as a leader in sustanaible honey production.Item Plataforma para auxiliar na identificação do mecanismo de ação de herbicidas para pastagens em Rondônia(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Silva, Alencar Pedralli da; Brennecke, Käthery; Pereira, Luiz Arthur MaltaIn the state of Rondônia, livestock production is based on the implementation of grasses in cultivated pasture areas, both for beef and dairy cattle farming, in an extensive system. Weed interference is one of the factors that most affect the productivity of annual and perennial crops in Brazil. Faced with so many challenges faced by the agricultural sector, the recognition of the main invasive plants and their control are essential for decision-making on the application of herbicides to pastures, in order to avoid greater economic losses, damage to the environment and the user's health. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of groups of herbicides can provide fundamental information when choosing and rotating the mechanism of action of herbicides is important for preventing the development of resistant biotypes and for the environment. The objective of this work was to develop a platform with the aim of assisting in the identification of weeds in pastures and assisting in the indication of herbicides based on their mechanism of action, in the state of Rondônia. To this end, a total of 234,345 agronomic prescriptions with diagnosis for controlling weeds in pasture were tabulated. The data was collected from Power BI, a government program in the Computerized Control System for Pesticides Trade Inspection - SIAFRO. From this, a spreadsheet was generated with the identification of the main infesting weeds, chemical control and mechanism of action, with the quantity of each weed and its control. This data served as a database to supply the developed platform. The platform was developed using a combination of WEB languages, namely html, Javascript, php and mysql database. The developed platform was named SIHPASTO and can be accessed through the link www.pmppa.com.br/herbicida. It is concluded that the platform helped to identify the most common weeds in the State of Rondônia and to indicate herbicides with different mechanisms of action.Item Desenvolvimento e validação de dispositivo móvel para verificar o conforto térmico de aves de produção(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Tavares, Juliana Campos; Sgavioli, Sarah; Brennecke, KätheryIn poultry farming, thermal comfort is related to environmental conditions in commercial facilities, where ideal values ensure the development of the birds' maximum genetic potential, promoting performance and welfare. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a mobile device to measure environmental variables, calculate indices, classify the comfort of poultry production (broilers, commercial layers and breeders) at different ages and validate the device. The system was based on the development of a low-cost portable device to measure environmental variables such as dry-bulb tem perature, relative humidity, air velocity, black-bulb temperature and dew point, and to calculate thermal comfort indices. The environmental variables were collected using two mobile devices (a commercial one and the one developed in this project) to validate the equipment. The mobile device proved to be effective and was able to measure the variables, calculate the indices, evaluate the thermal comfort of the birds and propose management adjustments to optimize the environment of the facility according to the age and breed of the birds. In terms of validation, the device can be used to integrate the equations into the programming for adaptation. However, the device needs to be validated in future studies in terms of flight speed, carbon dioxide concentration and atmospheric pressure. The development of the low-cost mobile device can be consid ered as an alternative solution for the assessment and monitoring of thermal comfort in breeding birds, contributing to the performance and welfare of the animals and also allowing the environment of the facility to be adapted as required.Item Desenvolvimento de protótipo eletrônico para manejo de cortina, ventilador e nebulizador em instalações para suínos(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Faria, Ricardo de Souza; Zeferino, Cynthia Pieri; Pereira, Luiz Arthur MaltaThe climate has a significant impact on swine production, being a decisive factor in achieving productivity and, consequently, the success of the activity. Environmental factors must be monitored to maintain favorable conditions; thus, it is necessary to develop accessible technologies to measure the microclimate of swine farms. The study aimed to develop a low-cost electronic prototype to assist in maintaining thermal comfort in small and medium-sized swine facilities. The prototype was developed using the Arduino Mega platform and combines the measurement of environmental variables (air temperature, relative humidity and black globe temperature) to calculate the dew point and ambience indices (Temperature and Humidity Index; THI and Black globe-humidity index; BGHI). The equipment classifies thermal stress and, through programming, indicates the decisions to be made regarding the activation of curtains, fans and nebulizers. The total cost to manufacture a sample was US$ 97.80 (in US dollars). The laboratory tests were conducted under three different conditions and their results confirmed the functionality, thus validating the prototype. In the indoor environment, in the shade, the stress was moderate and the management measures proposed by the prototype were the complete opening of the curtains, with fans on. In the outdoor environment, in the sun, the stress was severe and the measures proposed were the complete opening of the curtains, with fans and nebulizers on. In the outdoor environment at night, there was no heat stress, therefore, no type of management was proposed. In conclusion, the developed and validated prototype is configured as an efficient and low-cost technological tool to assist in maintaining thermal comfort in swine facilities, both for subsistence and on a commercial scale for small and medium-sized producers.