Monografias, Dissertações e Teses
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/1
Navegar
678 resultados
Filtros
Configurações
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Ozonioterapia: regulamentação jurídica(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Paez, Thalita Toffoli; Tim, Carla Roberta; Santos, Laurita dosThe present work aims to address the use of ozone therapy for treatment in humans, combined with the need to provide specific and complete legal guidelines. Ozone is a highly toxic gas, but it has an important antioxidant, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory characteristic and helps in the repair process. For this reason, the artificial production of this gas was started, for its therapeutic use, whose technique is called ozonotherapy. However, it is questioned whether the technique is a safe and effective treatment, since application in inadequate doses or routes of application can bring serious results to the patient. Currently, when the chosen route is auto-hemotherapy, it is possible that it is administered in a judicious and personal way, making the analysis of the individual's biomarkers and their tolerance to ozone, given the fact that the levels of gas tolerance are different in each subject. It turns out that, there is no specific legislation that ensures which professionals can prescribe and use ozone therapy, having several class councils already positioned themselves favorably. In 2018, the Ministry of Health incorporated ozone therapy as an integrative and complementary practice of the Unified Health System, provided it is applied in precise therapeutic doses, without, however, establishing criteria for the definition of the dose to be applied. Health is a social right that must be safeguarded in order to preserve a healthy and dignified life, which is why any health treatment can only be prescribed and carried out under appropriate conditions of safety and inspection, supported by scientific research and its own legislation. It is necessary to have specific and complete legislation on the subject, able to bring parameters and application protocols, in order to provide guarantees to professionals and patients who intend to treat. Thus, a research of the literature was carried out on electronic bases in the health and legal areas, there was no restriction on languages or publication data. Several articles were found, eliminating a duplication of titles and after reading abstracts, selected those that best fit the theme of this work. In a next step, perform a complete reading of all articles and the theoretical framework of this thesis was created. After reading and selecting the few and incomplete regulations on ozone therapy, he made a published work, which is a proposal for a complete review of the legislative content on ozone therapy. The proposed regulation brings the main parameters for the application of the technique, as well as the contraindicated routes, training of the professional who will manage the therapy, the qualified professionals, cautionary exams when due to auto-hemotherapy, care and responsibilities. In this sense, the present proposal of legislative content, was delivered to members of the Legislative Power, so that, observing the constitutional requirements, it can be used as a basis for the project, and eventually a future law, which will contain adequate and complete content regarding the theme.Item Teste de sensibilidade ao Amitraz e Deltametrina em Rhipicephalus sanguineus Sensu Latona região metropolitana de Manaus(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Oliveira, Rafael Justa de; Soares, Vando EdésioThe tick Rhipcephalus sanguineus is an acari that has great impact on veterinary medicine, because it acts as a vector of many diseases in animals and even in humans, in which case it has been parasitized by this acari. Some active principle has been used in an effort of control this parasite, however its continuous use can end up causing resistence in this acari, resuting in hard control. Some authors already reported resistance of this and others ticks in some places in Brazil. Although, little it is known about the resistance of R. sanguineus to the active principle commonly used. The objective of this research was to test the resistance of R. sanguineus to two active principles most used as tick control: Amitraz and Deltamethrin. Thus, a population of 90 females parthenogynous was used after being taken from 46 parasitized dogs collected from donor collections from all areas of Manaus -AM. The parthenogynous where than divided in 3 groups. Group 1 was exposed to amitraz, group 2 was exposed to Deltamethrin and group 3 was exposed to distilled water. By the end of 15 days of experiment twenty-five individuals of group 1 died (83,3%) and five survived (16,7%), although they didn’t lay eggs; 100% of the individuals of group 2 died; all individuals of group 3 survived and they laid eggs. This experiment showed that the active principles tested were effective in the control of this parasite, since even in group, individuals who have survived the test failed to lay eggs, making it impossible to finish the biological cycle.Item Desenvolvimento de biopesticida com extrato aquoso de Artemisia annua para manejo e controle sanitário avícola do cascudinho, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleptera: Tenebrionidae)(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Olin, Maicon Aparecido; Belo, Marco Antonio de Andrade; Souza, Luciano Melo deBased on the importance of controlling Alphitobius diaperinus in poultry farms, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biopesticide activity of Artemisia annua aqueous extract against this coleopter. Samples from dry leaves of A. annua were analyzed for its artemisinin (ART) levels. The lesser mealworms were separated according to their activity and were randomly placed in 12 Petri dishes covered by a filter paper with 100 insects each to compound four treatments in triplicate: Negative control (distilled water); treated with 19.2, 38.4 and 76.8 mg of ART/mL of extract, respectively. 10 mL of the extract was evenly poured over the filter paper. Mortality was measured after 1, 3, 12 and 24 h after exposure. The aqueous extract of A. annua used in different concentration showed a concentration-dependent insecticide effect against adults of A. diaperinus, resulting in 33.6, 40.0 and 57.3 % of mortality when compared to control group after 24 hour post exposition for 19.2, 38.4 and 76.8 mg of ART/mL of extract, respectively, resulting in a lethal concentration (LC 50-24h) of 59.2 mg of ART/mL of extract. Therefore, in this controlled experimental design, the aqueous extract of A. annua demonstrated significant efficacy in the control of A. diaperinus, and our results showed the potential of artemisinin for environmental control of mealworm in poultry farms.Item Produção in vitro de embriões em vacas das raças Nelore e Greyman: expansão das células do cúmulus de oócitos oriundos de folículos ovarianos, em diferentes dimensões, acompanhados ou não da presença de corpo lúteo (CL)(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Petry, Jhienny Cristina Oliveira da Silva; Orlandi, Cássia Maria BarrosoThe understanding of follicle growth and ovulation associated to physiological phenomenon is fundamental to optimize reproductive efficiency in the herd. Reproductive particularities between Bos indicus and Bos taurus must be taken into account when using ultrasound guided follicle trans-vaginal aspiration/ ovum pick up (OPU) in conjunction with produced in vitro embryo (PIVE). Successful OPU/PIVE depends on a variety of factors, as oocyte numbers per aspiration section; which influences the technique efficiency and characterizes the oocyte recovery rate per aspirated follicle. Thus, searching for physiological responses from cumulus oocyte complex (COCs) submitted to in vitro maturation; two experiments were performed: the first experiment evaluated the oocyte cumulus cells expansion from oocytes submitted to in vitro maturation after been obtained by OPU from ovarian follicles with different dimensions, in the presence or absence of corpus luteum (CL). Slaughter house ovaries were obtained and submitted to aspiration, classification, selection and oocyte maturation. Expansion images from cumulus cells were taken, and measured after 24 hours from start of maturation. The measures results, reflecting maturation, indicated the potential in aspirating follicles < 3mm, with better results when in absence of CL. These finding requires an exploration from OPU and its capability in terms of small follicles visualization, aspiration and oocyte recovery from sub utilized small follicles in the field. These follicles could add in OPU oocyte recovery, and possibly results in better PIVE index. In the second experiment, PIVE in Nelore (n=5) and Greyman (n=5) cattle breeds were compared. The cows were submitted to OPU every 30 days, with a total of three (n=3) OPU sections. Greyman cattle were recently introduced and adapted to North region of Brazil and the donor cattle from this breed presented a reasonable potential for PIVE. Despite of the fact that oocytes recovery rates in Greyman cows were not efficient as they were in Nelore cows, the in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos indexes from Greyman were compatible with Nelore cow.Item Análise do crescimento e desenvolvimento de probióticos no leite(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Saggiorato, Vitor Franzin; Soares, Vando EdésioProbiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host, promoting the balance of the intestinal microbiota. When administered in smaller amounts, it reduces the effects of lactose intolerance, immunomodulation, protects against pathogenic microorganisms, has anticarcinogenic activity and liver regeneration. Its use in animal nutrition has been researched and increasingly accepted, especially after restrictions on the use of antimicrobials. Development parameters for the symbiotic association of bacteria and yeasts, ASBL (kefir), were elaborated to optimize their production. Type A whole milk and powdered milk with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% ASBL were used as substrate, with four replications in a germination chamber type BOD at a temperature of 30ºC for 24 hours. The pH and weight gain of ASBL, yeast dough yield (kefiran) and whey (kefiraride) were evaluated. In conclusion, for an industrial scale production, the most suitable is to use powdered milk in a concentration of 4% of ASBL, since the company in question (research funder) presents a difficulty in the transport and storage processes of the type A milk, which would need refrigeration.Item Qualidade do pescado avaliado para consumo pelo exército brasileiro na Amazônia Ocidental de 2015 a 2020(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Salgado, Márcia Oliveira dos Santos; Belo, Marco Antonio de AndradeIn the concept of the general principles of food hygiene, food safety is cur rently one of the main concerns of institutions that produce meals for large audien ces. Specifically in the Brazilian Army, there are the Food Inspection and Bromato logy Laboratories (LIAB) that carry out the quality and identity control of all foodstuffs acquired by the institution. The laboratories are found in 18 units called provider bo dies and are headed by veterinarians. Currently, around twenty thousand soldiers are distributed in the study area, Western Amazon, which covers the states of Acre, A mazonas, Rondônia and Roraima. Fish acquired from family farming and from com panies with inspection carried out by the Federal Inspection Service (SIF) are part of the protein menu of this target audience. Therefore, the aim of this study was to in vestigate the quality of the fish acquired, through a historical survey of the LIAB phy sical-chemical and microbiological analysis reports from 2015 to 2020. Thus, it was found that out of the 528,954 tons of fish acquired in the period studied, 5% were considered unfit for consumption, which corresponds to 24,000 tons. These showed changes in the physicochemical analysis, as the samples tested positive for traces of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), in addition to pH above 7, characteri zing the product's deterioration process, in addition to hiding information from the product on the label. The study found temperature records above -12°C and conse quent recrystallization, as well as three batches weighing less than those described on the packaging, including the glaciation test, in one shipment exceeding the weight limit. As for microbiological analyses, Sal-monella was absent for all samples, for co agulase-positive Staphylococcus (CFU/g), of 46 analyses, 27 showed growth (<5x10³ CFU/g) and five without representative growth (<10 CFU/g). / g). There were 36% of the reports with considerations, justified receipts and notified suppliers. The approval or disapproval of food in the LIAB is important to ensure the hygienic-sanitary quality standard and thus maintain the health of the troops.Item Desenvolvimento de um datalogger, medidor de ambiência de baixo custo para vacas leiteiras(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Santos Junior, Ismael dos; Pereira, Luiz Arthur Malta; Brennecke, KätheryAnimal production depends on the effects of the physical environment, which influence the productive and reproductive results of dairy cows. When related to thermal stress, it causes changes in behavior and physiological reactions in animals. Based on this information, the objective was the development of a datalogger, low-cost ambience meter for dairy cows. After the assembly and connection of the devices, a program was developed in C language, responsible for capturing the data of the sensors, these being temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature and dew point, enabling the calculation of temperature and humidity indexes (UI) and the globe temperature and humidity index (ITGU), displayed on the display of the device and storing on a micro SD card. To verify its functionalability, the device was installed in a rest shed for dairy cows, later, the calculations of the indexes generated by the equipment developed were compared with calculations performed in a spreadsheet in Excel, in order to verify its efficiency. The calculations presented the same values, indicating that the developed equipment is able to correctly calculate the ITU and ITGU indices. By obtaining these indices, it is possible to define the methods, types and layout of the management and facilities, in order to minimize its effect or provide thermal comfort.Item Aditivo à base de resíduo de mandioca e inoculante bacteriano para silagens de capim elefante BRS Capiaçu(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Santos, Anderson Braun dos; Brennecke, KätheryDuring dry periods, there is a drop in the availability and quality of pastures, the main source of food for ruminants in the country, which impairs animal productivity. The use of alternative additives such as agro-industrial residues can be used as additives in silage production. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the fermentative profile, gas and effluent losses, chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of BRS Capiaçu elephant grass silage with an additive formulated based on cassava residue, bacterial inoculant Lactobacillus buchneri and urea. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Rondônia (IFRO), Colorado do Oeste Campus. For the preparation of the formulated additive, cassava residue was used, with moisture reduced to approximately 89% of dry matter. The dry material was mixed with urea and Lactobacillus buchneri. The proportion of 1% of livestock urea on the total weight of cassava meal was used. The inoculant used was Lalsil AS® with Lactobacillus buchneri composition at a concentration of 1.0 x 1011 CFU/g. The dose applied in treatments with the inoculant was equivalent to 1g of commercial additive per ton of natural forage matter. The inoculant and urea were mixed with 100g of cassava meal and this first portion was mixed with the total amount of additive used. The treatments consisted of the levels of inclusion of the additive in the silage, as follows: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Thus, it was observed that the silages that did not receive the additive had less than ideal dry matter content. Inclusion levels of 5% and 10% provided adequate DM levels for BRS Capiaçu silage. For the variable gas loss (PG), pH and ether extract (EE), there were no significant differences between the inclusion levels. The NDF values decreased as the inclusion of the formulated additive was increased, results that ranged from 71% to 33.21%. The NDFi values obtained after 288 hours of ruminal incubation showed significant differences between treatments. A significant difference was observed for the mineral matter (MM) variable, the MM content of the formulated additive is lower than that of Capiaçu. The inclusion of the formulated additive in the BRS Capiaçu elephant grass silage linearly reduced the crude protein (CP) content in the additive silages. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the additive in BRS Capiaçu elephant grass silage changed the parameters evaluated when compared to silage without the use of these additives, benefiting mainly in the reduction of effluents produced.Item Suplementação de primíparas leiteiras com antioxidantes no período de transição: série branca(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Santos Bonfim dos, Karine; Melo, Gabriel Maurício Peruca de; Bertipaglia, Liandra Maria AbakerThe transition period of dairy/heifers cows is defined as a period of three weeks before the partum and three weeks after and it is a critical phase because it is associated with the peak of metabolic diseases, nutritional or infectious, in addition to immunosuppression. In view of these facts, the present work proposed the supplementation of Holstein dairy cows, of high production, in the transition period, with antioxidants. For the study, 10 Holstein heifers were used, divided into two groups: group received supplementation with the formulation as an orally paste administered, and the group of untreated received the paste, without inclusion of assets. Supplementation was performed at 23 days prepartum (-23) and 7, 14 and 21 postpartum, opportunities in which blood samples were taken for analysis. Hematological alterations were evidenced by complete blood count analysis. Supplementation was performed at 23 days before delivery (-23) and 7, 14 and 21 after delivery, opportunities in which blood samples were collected for the analysis. As hematological alterations were evidenced by leukogram count analysis. It was concluded that supplementation with actives positively influenced immunological function, favoring the reduction of physiological and/or pathological leukocytosis, since the transition period represents physical and hormonal adaptations, impairing animal production.Item Aderência às legislações vigentes por parte das empresas de alimentação natural para cães e gatos(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Frias, Juliana Lopes; Putarov, Thaila Cristina; Pereira, Luiz Arthur MaltaThe humanization of pets has intensified in recent years, this phenomenon has generated an increase in demand for natural foods by dog and cat owners and heated up the pet food market. As a result, there are numerous natural food manufacturers that need information to produce safe foods that meet the requirements of animals. The objective of this dissertation was to collect data and develop technical, simple and objective technical products on regulations, legislation and Good Manufacturing and Food Handling Practices. The study was divided into three stages: (i) development of a virtual questionnaire aimed at natural food manufacturing establishments (homemade); (ii) application of the questionnaire for data collection; (iv) development of technological orienting technical products. The virtual questionnaire was sent to 21 establishments. Ten responses were obtained from the questionnaire, with 90% of establishments selling natural food cooked and frozen. Only 30% of establishments have a technical manager (RT) or advisor for food production. Opportunities for action in this sector can be seen, which is lacking in professionals and adequate technical information. Technological orienting technical products were developed, being: (a) two e-books addressing the following topics: (1) “Why invest in natural food for dogs and cats?”, and (2) “Importance of Good Handling Practices Food in the diet of dogs and cats”; (b) digital platform where content interactivity with the insertion of videos was sought; and (c) profile on social media (Instagram) for dissemination of content and dissemination of consultancy and/or advisory services.