Ciências Ambientais

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32

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2016 - 201932020 - 20223

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Resultados da Pesquisa

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6
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    Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos da saúde no noroeste paulista
    (Universidade Brasil, 2022) Vieira, Luiz Carlos; Freitas, Luciana Secches de; Vanzela, Luiz Sergio
    Population growth in the last decades is accompanied by a series of environmental impacts, among which the generation of solid waste stands out, especially from health services (RSS) that may have infectious biological agents that significantly impact the environment, if poorly managed. In the management of RSS are involved generators (establishments that offer health services), receivers (companies/institutions licensed for the treatment and destination of RSS), managers (municipal health or environmental bodies responsible for municipal management of RSS) and inspectors (inspectors/sanitary surveillance agents), and knowledge of the current situation regarding the generation and management of these types of waste, which is essential for public health and sustainable development. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the situation of solid waste management of health services (RSS) in Northwest Paulista. The research was conducted in the 153 municipalities located in the Administrative Regions of São José do Rio Preto and Araçatuba, which together make up the Northwest Paulista. The evaluation of the RSS's management was carried out through the application of four questionnaires intended for the follow-up of the management of RSS (generators, receivers, managers and inspectors) and from the quantitative data of RSS obtained in official bases. The data were organized and analyzed separately by frequency distribution and the relationships of interest by the chi-square test. The current scenario in the Northwest of São Paulo, drawn from the data of this research, demonstrates insecurity in the management of the totality of the RSS, requiring a more effective participation of municipal administrations in the elaboration of public policies that are more focused on improving the precision in the monitoring of the amount generated, in the correct handling by the generators, in the effectiveness of the inspection and in the destination of these residues in licensed places.
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    Licenciamento ambiental da aquicultura no Estado de São Paulo
    (Universidade Brasil, 2021) Secanho, Antonelli Antonio Moreira Baracat; Mansano, Cleber Fernando Menegasso
    A major challenge of the current society of the 21st century is the search for conciliation between guaranteeing an ecologically balanced environment and the exploitation of economic activity, such as aquaculture. Thus, the objective of this work was to address the issue of environmental licensing in aquaculture: the balance between environmental protection and the activity of aquaculture, under the bias of constitutional guarantees of the intergenerational right to an ecologically balanced environment; the free exercise of any work, craft or profession and the valuation of human work, as a way to ensure the dignified existence of the fish farmer, according to the dictates of social justice, in order to reconcile these guarantees that limit potentially polluting activities, with the need socio-economic status of aquaculturists for family subsistence. Furthermore, it is certain that the bureaucratization of the environmental licensing institute ends up, on several occasions, harming the small producer, as the operational and legislative difficulties make the aquaculture's low economic power prove to be an impediment to obtaining environmental licenses. The methodology used was supported by a literature review and relevant specific legislation, in addition to Brazilian jurisprudence. The research was qualitative and quantitative. The study site focused on the entire State of São Paulo. One of the possible solutions reached is the application of the Environmental Licensing Booklet, in order to optimize the production of fish and the protection of the environment.
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    Monitoramento e resistência a antibióticos de cepas de Escherichia Coli isoladas da água do Parque do Carmo-SP
    (Universidade Brasil, 2020) Bellatto, Luiz Cezar; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pine Américo
    Contamination of water bodies by anthropic activities can alter water quality. This study aimed to monitor the presence and concentration of Escherichia coli in the water of Carmo Park, SP, and to evaluate antibiotic resistance of strains isolated from water. Three collection points were analyzed. The points were identified as: P1 - Stream with preserved riparian forest that supplies the main lagoon, P2 - Secondary lagoon without riparian vegetation and P3 - Main lagoon without riparian vegetation. Temperatures were measured by a portable digital thermometer. The pH was determined by a bench meter. The E. coli concentration was performed by inoculation of the samples in 3M PetrifilmTM plates, incubated in an oven at 37ºC for 48 hours. The isolates were soed in Petri dishes containing Mueller Hinton Agar. The antibiotic resistance profile was evaluated by the disk diffusion technique. Water temperature and rainfall were higher in the summer months, and pH was close to legislation (6.0 to 9.0). Total coliforms were observed in 100% of the samples. The highest results were visualized in P1. The results of E. coli are within the parameters defined in legislation: maximum concentration 1000 CFU/100 mL of water analyzed. The isolated strains showed resistance at three points, in P1 amoxicilline 41.67%, erythromycin 75.00% and tetracycline 66.67%; in P2 amoxicilline 33.33%, erythromycin 66.67%, tetracycline 25%; and P3 erythromycin 91.67%, nitrofurantoin 33.33% and tetracycline 33.33%. The water of Carmo Park has concentrations of E. coli that fall within the limits allowed for class 2 bodies of water. E. coli strains isolated from park water are more resistant to antibiotics amoxicilline, erythromycin and tetracycline.