Ciências Ambientais

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/32

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Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de extratos de plantas
(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Yazawa, Maria Helena Martins; Andreani Jr., Roberto; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora Inés
From their use in folk medicine, the biological properties of essential oils, extracts and teas from aromatic and medicinal plants are closely known. These compounds have been used to control pathogens in humans, animals and plants. Salmonella is a bacterium from the Enterobacteriaceae family that causes food poisoning and in rare cases, can cause serious infections and even death. Transmission occurs through the ingestion of food with fecal contamination, with the bacteria normally found in animals. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroalcoholic extracts of medicinal plants in the in vitro control of Salmonella spp. We used strains of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken egg samples. To obtain the plant extracts, six species were used (citronella, pomegranate, rosemary, basil, lemongrass and pitanga), with the leaves being the selected raw material, and the extracts obtained by the hydroalcoholic extraction process. The efficiency of the extracts was evaluated in relation to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (CMB). The results indicate that all essential oils tested have some degree of antimicrobial activity against Salmonella spp. However, hydroalcoholic extracts of lemongrass and basil showed greater efficacy and less variability, suggesting their potential as natural alternatives for microbial control, with promising properties for controlling infections caused by Salmonella spp. These findings provide a solid basis for the exploration and development of new antimicrobial products from medicinal plants.
Avaliação do estado de conservação de nascentes na área rural do município de Patrocínio - MG
(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Araújo, Ricardo de Moura; Andreani Jr., Roberto
Geographic mapping and evaluation of the conservation status of existing springs in river basins are of fundamental importance to promote adequate protection of this precious asset, water. Being aware of the conditions of these springs are factors that contribute to planning and excellence in the management of financial resources allocated to river basins. Although there are laws that establish minimum protection criteria, it is known that a large part of the population does not comply with them, which leads to the manipulation of areas that should be protected. The present work aims to carry out a macroscopic evaluation of nine springs in the rural area of the municipality of Patrocínio, MG, in order to assess the environmental protection class through the application of the Environmental Impact Index in Springs (IIAN) and propose an environmental recovery method for areas that are necessary. It was observed that none of the springs have a Permanent Preservation Area as governed by legislation, and the absence of vegetation and the presence of domestic animals are the most common anthropic factors that generate great impact.
Efeito antimicrobiano de óleos essenciais sobre enterococcus faecalis
(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Souto, Eliane Nogueira de Souza; Andreani Jr., Roberto; Navarrete, Acácio Aparecido; Fernandes, Karina Camara
In the present research, the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against the standard strain of Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of rosemary, lemongrass, oregano, and rosehip oils were determined. Additionally, the percentage reduction of colony-forming units in relation to different oil concentrations and exposure times was analyzed. With rosemary and oregano oils showing antibacterial activity at lower concentrations to inhibit bacterial growth (12.5% and 3.2%, respectively). It was found that these oils, along with lemongrass and rosehip oils, exhibited antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, both at a concentration of 25%. It was observed that the nullification of colony-forming unit counts was achieved in 120 minutes for rosemary oil at 12.5% and in 60 minutes for oregano oil, 180 minutes for lemongrass oil, and 210 minutes for rosehip oil. These results indicate the possibility of using essential oils in antibacterial therapy against infections caused by E. faecalis.
Estudos comparativos de métodos de controle de pragas nas culturas consorciadas de pimenta e café
(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Lima, Sidnei Hermes de; Andreani Jr., Roberto
As the world population increases, the need for food production and the search for a better quality of life grows at the same rate. To support this statement, a healthy diet must be considered, combined with a fair price throughout the entire chain, from production to the final consumer. The objective of this research was to consider whether the consortium of coffee growing in the cerrado (Coffeaarabica L), produced conventionally and another coffee crop, is following the patterns of biological pest control through the use of lacewings (Chrysoperlaexterna), can be economically profitable for the producer, with the cultivation of the biquinho Capsicumsp. pepper between the rows of the coffee plant. The experiment was conducted on two properties, both located in Estrela do Sul - MG. For the production of peppers, a delimited area on the properties was used, between the lines of the Mundo Novo coffee variety. Using the Tukey Test at 5%, the productivity of biquinho pepper was analyzed in conventional ways and the difference in production with the use of biological practices. The use of lacewings in coffee cultivation has a positive influence on pest control of biquinho pepper. planted in a consortium in coffee, since the identification and quantity of pests in pepper was lower in this system than in conventional cultivation.
Meio ambiente do trabalho: relações interpessoais, impactos e proposta de recuperação
(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Hirose, Rafael Fedichima; Campato Jr., João Adalberto; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo; Andreani Jr., Roberto
Bearing in mind that most people still have a restricted and simplistic concept of the environment, they often forget that it is characterized beyond natural aspects (flora, fauna, soil, air, water, etc.), encompassing, also, environments called artificial or constructed, of which the work environment stands out, the central object of this dissertation. The work environment constitutes an environment in which activities and work relationships occur, which can occur in closed or open spaces. This is a text prepared through qualitative research, developed through a bibliographical review, whose general objective is to conceptualize the work environment and examine how some factors, such as: communication noise, toxic leadership, moral harassment , sexual harassment, unequal treatment of workers, seen mainly from the perspective of discrimination, and environmental problems considered traditional, strongly influence the sustainability of the work environment, acting as if they were true environmental impacts. In the end, we seek to present some suggestions to recover the sustainability, especially social, of this environment, such as, for example, the need to remodel the organizational culture of work environments, empowering leaders for democratic, collaborative action and not directed solely for profit, as well as having clearer, more precise and respectful communication towards others.