Protocolo de exercício físico de curta duração na redução de riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes

Abstract

The practice of physical activity in school is an important strategy to promote cardiovascular health in adolescents. Studies indicate that regular physical activity improves cardiorespiratory fitness and reduces cardiovascular risk factors in this population. Therefore, it is essential to encourage physical activity among adolescents, especially in school. Objective: To analyze the effect of a physical training protocol on cardiovascular risk factors among high school adolescents. Methods: This is a quantitative, experimental, prospective intervention study with an epidemiological approach. It was conducted at IFTO/Campus Colinas do Tocantins with 48 adolescents between 15 and 18 years old, divided into group 1, which did not participate in the intervention, and group 2, which underwent the intervention, consisting of 5 stages: 1st Socioclinical Data and Anthropometric Measurements Collection, 2nd Cardiac Signal Processing and Analysis, 3rd Blood Collection and Biochemical Analyses, 4th Léger Shuttle Run Test (20m), and 5th Intervention. Except for socioclinical data, all other stages were performed before and after the intervention. Results: A significant improvement was observed in group 2, which underwent the intervention with the application of a physical training protocol before extracurricular physical activity, presenting an improvement of 11.1% in adolescents with regular cardiorespiratory fitness compared to 6.7% in group 1, which participated in physical education classes. It should be noted that after physical education classes, it was possible to observe that the highest mean BMI and body fat were still associated with inadequate cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.016, p=0.164), which did not occur in group 2, demonstrating positive effects of the intervention on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents. In group 1, physical education classes showed an effect on the cardiovascular risk factor related to the percentage of body fat, with a reduction in the median of (-23.85mm) (p=<0.001). Conclusion: The intervention demonstrated efficacy in significantly improving cardiorespiratory fitness, and the moderate correlation between HRV and VO2max demonstrates the benefits of the intervention for improving autonomic nervous system adaptation and enhancing the cardiorespiratory capacity of this population.