Estudo clínico randomizado controlado do efeito da fotobiomodulação vascular na hipertensão arterial

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) constitutes a serious public health problem due to its magnitude, risk, and difficulties in control, and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to its promotion of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is suggested that endothelial dysfunction associated with SAH is related to local and systemic inflammation. Inflammation is known to be a protective physiological response to harmful and/or pathogenic stimuli, and endothelial dysfunction is a pro-inflammatory state with altered endothelial functions, which is associated with SAH, a multifaceted disease. This study evaluates the effect of this technique in humans, as large animal studies have yielded positive results in reducing heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The objective was to analyze the effect of laser photobiomodulation on the radial artery on hemodynamic variables in uncontrolled hypertensive patients. It was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a longitudinal design and a quantitative approach, conducted in a public hospital. Volunteers were randomly allocated between Group A (laser intervention) and Group B (placebo control), of both sexes, aged between 29 and 83 years, with uncontrolled SAH and difficulties in controlling blood pressure. Participants underwent weekly sessions of low-intensity laser photobiomodulation in the radial artery region, using red light (660 nm) and radiant energy of 180 J per session, lasting 30 minutes, over a period of six weeks, totaling six sessions (1/week). The results showed a reduction in arterial hypertension when active photobiomodulation was performed compared to the placebo group, with a decrease of approximately 12,22% in SBP and 5,43% in DBP, while in the placebo group, there was an approximate reduction of 5,13% in SBP and 3,18% in DBP. It is hoped that photobiomodulation may be used as a new alternative for the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension.