Monografias, Dissertações e Teses
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/1
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13 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Diagnóstico clínico automatizado a partir do uso de métodos de análise multivariada aplicados a sinais de eletrocardiograma(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Zena, Antonio Chavez; Mendes, Thiago de Oliveira; Santos, Laurita dosThis work presents a study of methods applied to pattern recognition of heart rate variability parameters obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) for the aid of automated clinical diagnosis of various diseases associated with the heart, using multivariate statistical methods and computational machine learning. For this purpose, the electrocardiograms signs of 137 volunteers clinically diagnosed with normal sinus rhythm (NSR), with n = 54 individuals, which will represent the control group, and two clinical conditions formed by individuals with congestive heart failure (CHF), with n = 29 individuals or suppression of cardiac arrhythmia (CAST), with n = 54 individuals, considering these two clinical conditions, such as the case groups. All these signals were obtained from the PhysioNet, which covers a set of real biomedical signals, open source software and from studies consolidated in the literature. A procedure for obtaining characteristic variables of ECG tachograms was described, these variables were modeled by classification approaches of Discriminant Analysis data by Partial Least Squares regression (PLS-DA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), aiming at the diagnosis of two clinical conditions when compared with a control group. Data matrices of variables associated with the time domain, frequency domain and obtained by non-linear methods were considered separately, each one, and all of these in a single data matrix, of statistical parameters associated with heart rate variability. The figures of merit showed that there is a pattern in the behavior of the tachogram parameters that may be used for clinical diagnostic aid. Both congestive heart failure and the classification and prediction of samples belonging to the cardiac arrhythmia suppression were satisfactorily obtained, with an area under the ROC curve close to 0.9. The PLS-DA model demonstrated the best data classification results, where congestive heart failure was diagnosed with rates of 90.9% of sensitivity and selectivity of 85.7% and suppression of cardiac arrhythmia was predicted with rates of 75.0% of sensitivity and 100.0 % of selectivity, suggesting that clinical diagnosis assisting real time and a personalized prognosis can become a reality that will contribute positively to medical practice.Item Diagnóstico de alterações refracionais em crianças com microcefalia, presumidamente por síndrome congênita do Zika vírus, na região oeste do estado do Mato Grosso(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Miura, Heloisa; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Oliveira, Helder Cássio deRefractive errors are among the most common vision disorders in childhood. The objective of this study is to diagnose refractive errors in microcephaly’s children, presumably due to Zika virus congenital syndrome, in western Mato Grosso. Clinical, cross-sectional and observational study, approved by the research ethics committee under the opinion nº 3.825.537 CAAE: 26629819.6.0000.5494 was performed an active search for patients with microcephaly treated at the Specialized Rehabilitation Center in Cáceres city, a reference in multiprofessional microcephally care in western Mato Grosso. Ophthalmological assessments were made of 30 children with microcephaly presumably due to congenital Zika virus syndrome, 14 males and 16 females with a mean age at the time of assessment of 2 years and 4 months. The children were referred to an ophthalmologist, where anamnesis was performed, a refractive examination by retinoscope equipament and schioscopy’s rules, using cyclopentolate eye drops. After the diagnosis of refractive errors, glasses were prescribed. It was possible to diagnose refractive errors in 96,7% of the cases, the most found refractive error was astigmatism, diagnosed in 45 eyes, followed by hyperopia in 43 eyes and, finally, a myopia diagnosed in 12 eyes. Thus it is concluded that the diagnosis of refractive errors was found in all 30 children, the absence of diagnosis and treatment can negatively affect the child development of this population; thus, public policies for early and continuous ophthalmological monitoring maximizes the visual quality and, consequently, the quality of life of patients and their families.Item Avaliação dos níveis de cortisol em saliva artificial por espectrometria de massas(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Dias, Ana Rosa Escórcio; Mendes, Thiago de OliveiraMeasurement of the level of cortisol in biological fluids is used in some diagnoses. Currently, one of the most used analytical techniques to measure its levels is mass spectrometry (MS), with wide application in the most varied areas of science. The objective of this study was to propose a method of rapid analysis, without sample preparation, to assess the level of cortisol in a saliva sample using the mass spectrometry technique by paper spray ionization and multivariate analysis. Thus, mass spectra in the region of 100-800 m / z were acquired with a Thermo Fisher Scientific LCQ FLEET model equipped with a low-resolution Ion Trap mass analyzer. The presence of cortisol in an artificial saliva sample was determined by the presence of 363 m / z, 385 m / z, 725 m / z and 747 m / z ions characteristic of the cortisol molecule. The comparison of the spectral profiles of saliva and saliva with cortisol showed the existence of spectral bands present in the cortisol spectrum that do not overlap with the saliva spectra, suggesting the monitoring of these regions to determine the concentration of cortisol in saliva samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed the formation of groups of samples, differentiating them in relation to the levels of cortisol concentration, proposing the methodology as a qualitative analysis of salivary cortisol levels. Finally, the analysis of the PCA loadings graph together with the attribution of the mass load ratios suggest the ions 363 m / z, 385 m / z and 747 m / z as markers to be used in a multiple linear adjustment in order to quantify the concentration of cortisol in saliva samples. The PS-MS technique proved to be efficient and promising for the real-time determination of salivary cortisol levels without using any sample preparation step. Starting from a volume of only 5.0 µL of sample, placed directly on the equipment's sampler, it was possible to obtain the identification by analyzing the mass spectrum in a time of approximately 45 seconds.Item Análise qualitativa do cortisol salivar por espectroscopia no infravermelho(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Carvalho, Conceição de Maria Aguiar; Mendes, Thiago de OliveiraWidely used to diagnose and monitoring of different diseases, such as Addison's disease, Parkinson's disease and stress association, the cortisol is a glucocorticoid, belonging to the steroid family has a special interest for the medical community. The present work includes the study of infrared spectrum of the cortisol molecule and performs a qualitative analysis of the level of salivary cortisol. For this, the infrared spectrum of the cortisol molecule was obtained by computational methods, based on the Theory of Functional Density, using Avogadro, Gaussian and VEDA software. The stretching of the double CO in 1744 cm-1 e 1776 cm-1 bonds as highlights as a more intense region of the infrared spectrum of the cortisol molecule. A set of ways of using major vibrators in 1776, 1744, 1664, 3824, 3688, 3064, 3096, 1440, 1248, 1120, 1296, 928 e 888 cm-1 has been suggested. The experimental spectra of the analytical standard of cortisol, artificial saliva and artificial saliva with cortisol addition was obtained in the reflectance mode with ATR accessory. The theoretical spectral profile was compared with the experimental values of the vibratory modes. Finally, an unsupervised analysis of a set of artificial saliva with and without cortisol addition evidenced as vibrational bonds in 2912, 1706 and 1642 cm-1 as vibratory markers of salivary cortisol, showing that a infrared spectroscopy can be used for evaluation qualitative analysis of salivary cortisol levels.Item Hipotireoidismo em cão – relato de caso(Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, 2019) Graf, Yaçanã Moreira; Almeida, Fernanda Martins de; Fêo, José Carlos Sabino de Almeida; Almeida, Fernanda Martins deHypothyroidism is characterized by a decrease in the production of thyroid gland hormones. These hormones, triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine are responsible for the metabolic activity of the animal organism. There are several physiological functions. However, when there is a change in plasma and cellular concentrations of these hormones, several clinical signs may be present. After being diagnosed, hypothyroidism can be treated with hormone replacement. The prognosis varies according to the etiologic factor of the disease, being most of the time good.Item Sarna demodécica(Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, 2016) Lopes, Karina de Souza; Martins, Juliana DiasThis research has as main objective to discuss the important aspects of demodectic mange. This work was carried out through literature searches made in books, internet, papers, theses, to guide the search. To achieve the objectives of the research, it was decided to descriptive and exploratory approach. The demodectic mange is a very common disease in the veterinary clinic, is caused by Demodex mite.The demodectic mange is a disease that inflames the skin of dogs and cats due to the amount of mites on the skin. All skin disease needs to be investigated and evaluated in detail, as well, will be able to discover the causes, symptoms, how to diagnose and how to treat. Many dogs had to be euthanized because of illness, because they could not cure nor control the disease. The pathology is confused with other skin diseases because of similar symptoms and skin infection. Currently, the gene is evaluated, the underlying disease and immunology, which aids in good recovery due to animal research. It is a common disease, but can have a severe state. Therefore, through the use of drugs considered as effective in the treatment of demodectic mange (amitraz, moxidectin and ivermectin), there is the possibility of 80% to 90% cure.Item Otite externa em pequenos animais - revisão de literatura(Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, 2016) Bastos, Bruna Costa; Fêo, José Carlos Sabino de Almeida; Martins, Fernanda ManaiaOtitis externa is an inflammation of the ear canal vertically, horizontally or both. This type of ear infections can progress to middle or inner, as its location and commitment of the organs of the ear. The ear is divided into outer, middle and inner interconnected. The outer ear includes the pinna (ear), the ear canal also called the external auditory canal and eardrum, the latter a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle. The middle ear is a chamber in which are located three ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) interconnected with each other and serve as connection means to the inner ear. In this chamber, said ossicles are located, there is a channel connecting the middle ear with the pharynx, called the Eustachian tube. The inner ear is the most specialized and therefore also more delicate and important of the entire hearing, where there are so called semicircular canals, the cochlea and the acoustic nerve, the latter linking directly to the whole brain. This disease is one of the most common and frustrating clinics in small animals The aim of this paper is to present the different forms of involvement of this disease, and to describe the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Item A utilização de pistas diretas planas no tratamento precoce da mordida cruzada anterior: relato de caso(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Oliveira, Thiago Motta; Rolim , Valéria Cristina Lopes de Barros; Souza , José Antonio SantosAnterior crossbite is a change in the buccolingual relationship between the upper and lower incisors, in which all incisors or just one upper incisor occludes on the lingual surface of the lower incisors. When this occlusopathy is diagnosed in primary and mixed dentitions, early intervention can be employed with the use of Planas direct track. If early treatment is not carried out, this change can lead to bone changes, therefore requiring the use of orthodontic and/or orthopedic appliances. The objective of the present study was to report a clinical case of anterior crossbite in a pediatric dentistry patient, in which preventive orthodontics was performed using a Planas direct track in order to avoid future problems in bone development, thus improving occlusion. of the patient. Patient R.P.C.V., male, 6 years old, attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Universidade Brasil, Campus Fernandópolis-SP for dental treatment. During the initial clinical examination, it was noticed that teeth 52, 51, 61 and 62 were occluding on the lingual surface of the lower incisors; In this way, the diagnosis of anterior crossbite was reached. After evaluating the case, it was decided to carry out a direct Planas trail. For this, direct Flat tracks were made with Composite Resin on teeth 52, 51 and 61. It was possible to notice the uncrossing of the anterior crossbite of the patient in question. The patient is being monitored at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at Universidade Brasil. The etiology of crossbite is multifactorial. Early interventions, such as the use of the Planas direct track, can promote harmonious development of the stomatognathic system. The technique used in this case has shown good results. This approach is considered a neuro occlusal rehabilitation, since the action occurs in the neural receptor centers that will result in a response to the stomatognathic system, where occlusal interferences will be identified and removed. The advantages of this technique are: low cost and ease of manufacture. It can be concluded that early treatment with Planas direct track is a minimally invasive approach that can be used to correct and prevent future problems. As observed in this case report, this treatment presents a favorable and rapid result and can even be carried out in children who present behavioral difficulties.Item Diagnóstico precoce e estratégias de intervenção na HMI (hipomineralização molar incisivo)(Universidade Brasil, 2023-11-21) Delfino, Mayara Oliveira Gomes; Jesus, Samyra Kelly da Cruz; Fernandes , Samuel; Rolim, Valéria Cristina Lopes de BarrosIncisor Molar Hypomineralization is a defect in the development of tooth enamel that affects one to all first permanent molars and may also be present in the incisors. This condition ends up being a significant health problem, as it negatively affects the aesthetics and function of the dental element, thus causing a low quality of life in the child. The objective of this literature review is to review MIH and provide the dentist with pertinent information about clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. An electronic search was carried out in the following databases: Cochrane Library, VHL (virtual health library), Medline, Scielo, searching for terms using the following key words, ``incisor molar hypomineralization´´, ``treatment´´, `` etiology´´, ``clinical diagnosis´´. MIH appears as well-defined opaque spots that can range in color from white to yellow or brown. Diagnosis can be very difficult, especially when caries lesions are present. Affected patients present clinical problems such as tooth wear, enamel loss, fracture, coronary destruction, thus increasing susceptibility to caries and tooth hypersensitivity. Although the exact cause of MIH is not yet well defined, a combination of several factors has been proposed to explain its occurrence, the potential causes are divided into environmental and genetic influences. Through studies, it is noted that prevalence is directly linked to socioeconomic conditions and can vary from 3% to 50% in some population studies. The treatment of MIH will depend on the severity of the affected tooth, ranging from preventive measures to complex restorative procedures. It is concluded that MIH must receive full attention from the dentist and must be treated through a multidisciplinary clinic whenever possible, aiming to offer the patient the correct diagnosis and the best therapeutic option.Item Achados radiográficos em cães com colapso de traqueia – relato de caso(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Eugênio, Fátima Regina Adamo; Justo, Fabiana