Monografias, Dissertações e Teses
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/1
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Item Estudo da composição bioquímica de unhas para o diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus por Espectroscopia Raman(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Veras, Juscélia Maria de Moura Feitosa; Fávero, Priscila Pereira; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Martin, Airton AbrahãoThe growth of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a public health problem with greater prevalence in developing countries. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in people aged 20-79 years has increased from 151 million to 463 million today, with a total forecast of 700 million diabetics by 2045. Hence the importance of an early, non invasive, practical and low-cost diagnosis for DM detection and monitoring. Type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) gradually changes the intrinsic material properties of tissues and their structural integrity, and prolonged hyperglycemia can cause chronic damage to the quality of these tissues. No technique is available to clinically assess altered tissue quality in diabetic patients. However, recent studies suggest that the quality of the nail plate has great potential to assess the secondary complications of DM. Thus, this study aimed to determine the biochemical characteristics of nails of individuals with DM2 through confocal Raman spectroscopy, in addition to identifying the spectral signatures and new DM2 markers in nails. This study is a multicenter clinical study (Universidade Brasil - SP and Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Teresina/PI), comparative, randomized and instrumental with a qualitative approach. For the research, 30 healthy volunteers and 30 DM2 were selected. The collection and evaluation of fragments in the distal region of the nail was carried out. The results obtained demonstrated alterations in different biochemical components, such as: proteins, lipids, amino acids, advanced glycation end products, in addition to alterations in the disulfide bridges, which are important in the stabilization of keratin in the nails. Therefore, due to the possibility of acquiring such information through the evaluation of nails, a simple and easy-to-acquire material, this becomes an important material for analysis, allowing DM and its complications to be detected quickly. In addition, the study also demonstrated that the assessment of nails by confocal Raman spectroscopy is an important technique, which, together with the assessment of nails, can become an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic patients.Item Modelo preditivo do nível glicêmico por monitoramento em tempo real em indivíduos portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo II(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Mourão, Marcelo Henrique de Vasconcelos; Amaral, Marcelo Magri; Santos, Laurita dosThis research deals with a prediction of the glycemic levels of people with Diabetes Mellitus II, collected through a continuous glycemic monitoring system, based on the architecture of LSTM neural networks. Diabetes, one of the non-communicable chronic diseases, is characterized by hyperglycemia in the bloodstream generated by insulin resistance. The control of this disease can occur through carbohydrate counting according to the glycemic level, which according to the anthropometric evaluation is quantified by the physician. However, this approach is not always well accepted by diabetics, who end up adhering to medication for their control. Despite this, some diabetics end up using continuous blood glucose monitoring sensors, which favored verifying whether the glycemic data collected every 15 minutes could be predicted. The glycemia of 20 patients was measured over a period of 14 days using real-time monitoring. During this period, eating habits were recorded to count ingested carbohydrates, using the carbohydrate counting app created by SBD. Using an artificial intelligence model (LSTM) a blood glucose prediction model was created. With this model, it was verified that the predicted values followed the real glycemic movement, anticipating 5 hours with glycemic data of 12 continuous hours, that is, 20 predicted observations and 48 observations collected by the glycemia sensor for each individual. A general predictive model was performed with 20 volunteers and two personalized ones. The glycemic data of the collected diabetics had a positive performance, as the predicted values followed the glycemic movement, with a glycemic peak of 170 mg/dL at 9 am and 180 mg/dL at 1 pm, converging with the data obtained from the blood count. of carbohydrates, physical and anthropometric evaluation, observed with the peaks of glycemia, lifestyles of the volunteers and the total carbohydrates consumed daily. The glycemic data of non-diabetics had a positive performance, given that the predicted data followed the actual glycemic movement. This model, therefore, can predict several applications directly in rehabilitation, contributing as one of the important instruments for improving the patient's quality of life.Item Estudo da composição bioquímica de unhas para o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus por Espectroscopia Raman(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Veras, Juscélia Maria de Moura Feitosa; Garcia, Lívia Assis; Martin, Airton Abrahão; Fávero, Priscila PereiraThe growth of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a public health problem with greater prevalence in developing countries. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in people aged 20-79 years has increased from 151 million to 463 million today, with a total forecast of 700 million diabetics by 2045. Hence the importance of an early, noninvasive, practical and low-cost diagnosis for DM detection and monitoring. Type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) gradually changes the intrinsic material properties of tissues and their structural integrity, and prolonged hyperglycemia can cause chronic damage to the quality of these tissues. No technique is available to clinically assess altered tissue quality in diabetic patients. However, recent studies suggest that the quality of the nail plate has great potential to assess the secondary complications of DM. Thus, this study aimed to determine the biochemical characteristics of nails of individuals with DM2 through confocal Raman spectroscopy, in addition to identifying the spectral signatures and new DM2 markers in nails. This study is a multicenter clinical study (Universidade Brasil - SP and Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Teresina/PI), comparative, randomized and instrumental with a qualitative approach. For the research, 30 healthy volunteers and 30 DM2 were selected. The collection and evaluation of fragments in the distal region of the nail was carried out. The results obtained demonstrated alterations in different biochemical components, such as: proteins, lipids, amino acids, advanced glycation end products, in addition to alterations in the disulfide bridges, which are important in the stabilization of keratin in the nails. Therefore, due to the possibility of acquiring such information through the evaluation of nails, a simple and easy-to-acquire material, this becomes an important material for analysis, allowing DM and its complications to be detected quickly. In addition, the study also demonstrated that the assessment of nails by confocal Raman spectroscopy is an important technique, which, together with the assessment of nails, can become an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic patients.