Perfil ecoepidemiológico das Arboviroses dengue, Zika e Chikungunya no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, de 2015 a 2022

Abstract

Dengue, zika, and chikungunya are arboviral diseases transmitted by vectors of the genera Culex and Aedes, mainly. They are considered a serious global public health problem due to their broad territorial spread and the growing need for increasingly complex actions related to their control and prevention. This study aimed to describe the eco-epidemiological profile of arboviral diseases in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2015 to 2022. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and qualitative quantitative investigation was carried out using secondary data provided by the State Department of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul. The collected information consisted of: number of notifications, area of residence, age group, education, race, sex, final classification of the case, confirmation criteria, and final evolution. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. A total of 317,514 cases of dengue, 2,350 cases of zika, and 3,779 cases of chikungunya were reported. The prevalence rates of dengue, zika, and chikungunya were 12,598.81; 84.18; and 230.24 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The most affected individuals were adults in the economically active age group, with high school completed, female, white, and brown. Cases begin to rise in November, remaining high until May/June. Among the notifications, 54.8% were confirmed for dengue, 91.8% for zika, and 16.7% for chikungunya. Fatality rate was 0.1% for dengue and 0.5% for chikungunya. There were no deaths from Zika. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul had a high number of dengue notifications and a low number of zika and chikungunya notifications, and the prevalence of cases decreased from 2020 onwards, which may indicate the possibility of underreporting due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Acting directly on diseases with a focus on One Health, through the study of human cases, animals, and environmental changes, can improve decision-making regarding the prevention and early treatment of arboviral diseases.