Transtornos mentais e fatores socioambientais: estudo de realidade e propostas de mitigação de reincidências hospitalares.

Abstract

This study highlights the importance of considering socio-environmental factors when approaching the treatment of mental disorders and the need to implement strategies that involve the family, the patient's support networks and primary health care to minimize hospital relapses. To this end, the objective of the study was to investigate the correlation between hospital relapses of patients with mental disorders and the socio-environmental conditions of the objective reality to which they are subjected in their daily lives. This is quantitative-qualitative research with integrative review, sampling was carried out by convenience, with non-probabilistic sampling. In this sense, we sought to establish a profile for the individual who undergoes rehospitalization for treatment of mental disorders. To this end, we considered the gender of the patients, location of residence, education, marital status, religion and race. What we were able to conclude from the study is that individuals in a situation of hospital relapse in mental health treatments need the health system to welcome them in their uniqueness, including with regard to their profile, physical and objective living conditions; especially in relation to the environmental conditions of the place where they live. The research allows us to conclude that efficient reception in primary care – Psychosocial Care Center, as well as in the dehospitalization process are fundamental for the recovery and mitigation of hospital relapses that are enhanced by the fragile environmental conditions where most reoffenders live and the deterioration in family relationships caused by the succession of diseases of these family members. In this context, the study points to the urgency of measures and public policies for extensive care for families in their own territory, especially with the implementation of the national anti-asylum policy.