Determinantes da adesão retenção e estabilidade em próteses totais convencionais

Abstract

Conventional complete dentures are a widely adopted solution for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients, with the aim of restoring both oral functionality and aesthetics. However, the success of these prostheses is directly linked to their retention and stability, which are essential for the comfort and effectiveness of the treatment. Objectives: The present study aims to analyze and summarize the factors that influence adhesion, retention, and stability in conventional complete dentures, providing evidence-based guidelines that can assist dental professionals in improving clinical practices and, consequently, the quality of life of patients. Material and Methods: An integrative literature review was carried out, focusing on articles published in the last 20 years in databases such as PubMed and Scielo. The search included specific terms related to retention and stability in complete dentures, prioritizing systematic reviews, controlled clinical trials, and cohort studies. The studies were selected and analyzed based on their methodological quality, relevance of the results, and contribution to current knowledge on the subject. Results and Discussion: The analysis of the studies revealed that the retention and stability of complete dentures are influenced by a series of interrelated factors. Among the anatomical factors, the morphological characteristics of the oral cavity, such as the height and shape of the alveolar ridge, stand out, which directly influence the adhesion of the denture. Physiological factors, such as the quality and quantity of saliva and muscle tone, also play a crucial role in retention. Regarding materials, the choice of prosthesis components, including acrylic resin and other materials used, can significantly affect its performance. Conclusion: This study concludes that the retention and stability of conventional complete dentures are the result of a complex interaction between anatomical, physiological and material factors. A personalized approach, which considers the specificities of each patient, is essential to optimize rehabilitation results. The practical application of the evidence discussed can lead to significant improvements in treatments, increasing patient satisfaction and the effectiveness of the dentures.