Análise de aberrações ópticas em olhos pseudofácicos opacificação após capsulotomia posterior por YAG laser

Abstract

The posterior lens capsule opacification after cataract surgery is the most common complication and the treatment is performed with the use of ND: YAG laser capsulotomy. The aims of this research is to study high-order optical aberrations in patients with pseudophakic eyes, with posterior capsule opacification, before and after posterior YAG Laser capsulotomy. Experimental, longitudinal, quantitative and prospective clinical study approved by the Research Ethics Committee, according to the opinion nº 3.732.939 CAAE: 24984919.3.0000.5494 where the wavefront aberrations were measured with an aberrometer (OPD III Nidek), immediately before da Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, and in 15 days after the procedure. The aberration values were converted to Log on base 10 and the comparison of means was performed with the Student's t test for paired samples. The relationships (post and pre capsulotomy) of the aberrations (spherical, coma and trefoil) were compared between groups of degrees of opacification by an ANOVA and when statistically significant, the Tukey Post-Hoc test was performed. 72 pseudophakic eyes were evaluated, being 15 eyes with grade I opacification, 19 eyes with grade II opacification, 22 eyes with grade III opacification and 16 eyes with grade IV opacification. When comparing total aberrations, the Wilcoxon test confirmed a statistically significant reduction in total trefoil aberrations in grade I; grade II trefoil; spherical, coma and trefoil in grade III and coma and trefoil in grade IV. As for internal aberrations in the eyes with grade I opacification, a statistically significant reduction in the averages of coma and trefoil aberrations was found, in grade II in coma aberrations, while in grade III and IV opacifications a significant reduction in coma and trefoil. One-way ANOVA showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre-capsulotomy ratio for spherical aberrations [F (3.60) = 1.205; p = 0.316]. For coma aberrations, ANOVA also showed that there is no effect of the degree of opacification on the post / pre capsulotomy ratio [F (3.60) = 0.190; p = 0.903]. Likewise, for coma aberrations, the test showed no effect of the degree of opacification [F (3.60) = 0.796; p = 0.501]. It is concluded that after analysis in the four opacification groups it was possible to observe a numerical decrease in the average total of the measurements of all total aberrations after the posterior capsulotomy by YAG laser, as well as for the internal aberrations.