Presença de Anti-SARS-CoV-2 no leite humano pasteurizado após vacinação: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 no leite humano pasteurizado

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies, specific for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), in human milk from 103 lactating women submitted to the Primary Vaccination Scheme (PVS) before or during pregnancy or after delivery. The influence of pasteurization on human milk, the number of vaccine doses received and the economic aspects of the mother were evaluated. The samples were collected and stored in the public milk bank in the city of Teresina/PI, subjected to pasteurization (heated to a temperature of 62.5 ºC and cooled to 5 ºC and analyzed by immunoenzymatic assays. The samples were divided into two groups: observational group (OG) with 83/103 (80.5%) and control group (CG) with 20/103 (19.5%) samples. Results: In the observational group, 52% (43/83) were positive for IgA. It was observed that among the positive ones, 30/43 (70%) were lactating women who had undergone the Primary Vaccination Scheme before pregnancy and 13 (30%) had undergone the Primary Vaccination Scheme during pregnancy or after delivery. No positive samples for IgG were identified in the Observational Group. In the Control Group, 20/103 samples were evaluated before the pasteurization process, that is, Raw Human Milk (RBM), and the same samples were evaluated after pasteurization (PBM). In Raw Human Milk (RBM), 11/20 (55%) were positive for IgA and 3/20 (15%) were inconclusive for IgA and IgG. In the control group, there was no statistical difference between the positive results for specific antibodies in Raw and Pasteurized Human Milk. Conclusion: There was a predominance of the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in human milk among women who underwent the Primary Vaccination Schedule before pregnancy, with a higher level of IgA among those who underwent the Complete Vaccination Schedule with four doses before delivery. No correlations were observed between IgA content and the mother's economic conditions.