Terapia de Fotobiomodulação controla a glicemia em pessoas com diabetes do tipo 2?: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract

Reducing high glycemic levels is essential for the health of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Drug treatments have adverse side effects, and they lose their effectiveness over the years, in addition to being expensive and sometimes invasive. Photobiomodulation Therapy (TFBM) appears as a new alternative in the treatment of people with DM2, since it has shown positive effects on glycemic control in animals and humans, when associated with another therapy. Objective: To analyze the effects of TFBM on glycemic control in people with DM2. Method: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) present in PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Web of Science databases. Participants: People with DM2. Intervention: TFBM alone compared to control or placebo, or TFBM as an adjunct to another intervention. Outcome: Blood glucose reduction through blood tests performed before and after the intervention. Result: From n=329 studies, 10 were included. We found 1 RCT that compared TFBM alone versus a control group. In 8 RCTs, TFBM was added to another intervention in people with periodontitis and T2DM. In 1 RCT, TFBM was added to aerobic exercise. The meta-analysis of 4 RCTs with similar methodologies showed that TFBM added to scaling was significantly superior in reducing blood glucose when compared to control in people with periodontitis and T2DM. The overall quality of the GRADE evidence gave a low level of certainty. Conclusion: Due to the scarcity of studies, there is currently no evidence linking TFBM alone and the reduction of blood glucose in people with DM2. The present systematic review corroborates the existing evidence that supports the additional use of TFBM combined with conventional scaling, as an aid in glycemic control in the treatment of people affected with periodontitis and T2DM. PROSPERO CRD42021238280.