Monografias, Dissertações e Teses
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/1
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Desenvolvimento de software para análise e simulação de ensaio de tração aplicado na Engenharia Biomédica(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Broggio, João Roberto; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins daThe physical and chemical properties of materials in addition to biological requirements are of fundamental importance in the development of materials with biomedical application, the physical characteristics are obtained mainly by tensile tests, whereas the shape of an implant can be simulated in commercial software, which use these physical characteristics of the materials as parameters to run the simulation algorithm. As normally the shape and dimensions are fixed and with peculiar characteristics, the selection of the material family is limited, and even within the family the materials can be under or over dimensioned. To solve this problem, the application will enable the designer to simulate the project by calculating a characteristic virtual material within the limits of the control variable, using as basis the physical tests of the under and over dimensioned materials. The objective of this thesis is to develop virtual mechanical tests as an aid in the development of biomedical materials, based on results of physical tensile tests, the application can simulate a mechanical test. Nine physical tensile tests were performed in an Emic machine for each of the control variables (Speed and Diameter), which were subdivided into three groups, at speeds of 7, 15 and 22 mm/min on 304 stainless steel, and diameters of 10, 11 and 12 mm on SAE 1020 steel. In the comparison performed between the virtual materials at 15 mm/min and 11 mm diameter, the application proved to be efficient with error lower than 3% when the results were compared to the physical test on a universal machine and the virtual test on commercial software. The developed application besides graphically locating the points of interest on stress/strain curves also produces mathematically a virtual biomaterial, passive of simulation in commercial software with shapes and dimensions of an implant or biocomponent.Item Desenvolvimento de modelo de treinamento para cirurgia minimamente invasiva torácica neonatal(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Falcão, Bruno Pinheiro; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins daThoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a major challenge, due to the small working space and the delicacy of the tissues involved. The simulators are an excellent tool for fellows and novice pediatric surgeons to develop essential neonatal thoracoscopy skills before acting in real cases. However, there is a gap in the prototype market, especially for training malformations such as EA and CDH. The objective of this work was to produce a fully synthetic model, with medium fidelity and low cost, for the development of EA and CDH skills. In the initial tests, tissue damage caused by simple suturing in a latex balloon, a silicone model and a silicone rubber plate (SR) were compared. Then into three types of SR: blue, green and white. To compose the external framework, a plastic doll was used, with the facies of a 3 kg baby. The internal thoracic framework was composed of the thoracic spine, internal costal framework, aorta, vena cava and trachea, formed from corrugated conduits and colored cylindrical balloons. Twelve “entrance ports” were made in the left hemithorax of the simulator. For the acquisition of images and internal lighting, a cylindrical microcamera of 4 mm in diameter was used, with image transmission to cell phones and notebooks. In the last stage of tests, three groups of surgeons were evaluated in terms of time and according to a scale of skills (OSATS) in performing a task. In addition to answering a Likert-type form about the model tried. In the initial testing phase, it was demonstrated that SR had a better result than silicone and there was no difference between the types of SR. For the esophageal model, a rectangular SR plate was bent along its longest axis and, for the artificial diaphragm, a 2x1 cm defect was produced. In the third stage of tests, fellows in pediatric surgery had a longer time and a lower OSATS index, close to pediatric surgeons with an intermediate level. Experienced surgeons had lower time and higher OSATS index than the others. The Likert scale responses showed the excellent acceptance of the proposed models. A fully synthetic, medium-fidelity, financially accessible model was developed that allows the training of fellows and pediatric surgeons in the surgical treatment of EA and CDH.Item Sistema de vídeo extensômetro universal para simulação, previsão e indicação das propriedades mecânicas dos materiais(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Carvalho, Antônio Carlos de; Carvalho, Antônio Carlos de; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins da