Monografias, Dissertações e Teses
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/1
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Item Efeitos deletérios da ingestão de microplástico de polipropileno em Tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Nascimento, Luan de Souza do; Belo, Marco Antonio de Andrade; Kozusny-Andreani, Dora InésThe high molecular weight polymers, widely used in the packaging of several products, generates residues of slow degradation, accumulating in nature and transforming into microparticles during their decomposition process, being called microplastics. Based on the environmental importance represented by the accumulation of polymeric materials in aquatic organisms, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of polypropylene microplastic on the health of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sixty fish weighing around 200 g were used, coming from the same spawning, placed in six aquariums, with a capacity of 100 L of water each (n=10). The aquariums were supplied with running water devoid of chlorine, from an artesian well, with a flow of 1 L/min, constituting the following treatments: T1: Control (without the addition of polymer), T2 and T3: (fed with ration containing 100 μg and 500 μg of polypropylene/kg of body weight, respectively). After a period of 30 days of feeding, the animals were euthanized for analysis of the blood count, leukogram, serum biochemistry, microbiological analysis of the animals' intestine, histopathological and somatic analysis of the organs. In the serum biochemical study, a significant increase in cholesterol levels and serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activity was observed in animals treated with 500 μg of polypropylene. Tilapia fed polypropylene in the diet showed an increase in thrombocyte and total leukocyte counts, marked by a significant increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes. The results of the somatic study revealed a significant increase in the stomach, liver and heart of tilapia fed with the polymer. Increase in the number of Gram-negative microorganisms and decrease in mesophilic aerobic microorganisms were observed in fish fed with the polymer. A dose-response effect was observed in these analyses. However, tilapia fed polypropylene showed deleterious effects resulting from the daily ingestion of this polymer, resulting in systemic inflammatory disorders and changes in the intestinal microbiota.Item Monitoramento e resistência a antibióticos de cepas de Escherichia Coli isoladas da água do Parque do Carmo-SP(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Bellatto, Luiz Cezar; Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pine AméricoContamination of water bodies by anthropic activities can alter water quality. This study aimed to monitor the presence and concentration of Escherichia coli in the water of Carmo Park, SP, and to evaluate antibiotic resistance of strains isolated from water. Three collection points were analyzed. The points were identified as: P1 - Stream with preserved riparian forest that supplies the main lagoon, P2 - Secondary lagoon without riparian vegetation and P3 - Main lagoon without riparian vegetation. Temperatures were measured by a portable digital thermometer. The pH was determined by a bench meter. The E. coli concentration was performed by inoculation of the samples in 3M PetrifilmTM plates, incubated in an oven at 37ºC for 48 hours. The isolates were soed in Petri dishes containing Mueller Hinton Agar. The antibiotic resistance profile was evaluated by the disk diffusion technique. Water temperature and rainfall were higher in the summer months, and pH was close to legislation (6.0 to 9.0). Total coliforms were observed in 100% of the samples. The highest results were visualized in P1. The results of E. coli are within the parameters defined in legislation: maximum concentration 1000 CFU/100 mL of water analyzed. The isolated strains showed resistance at three points, in P1 amoxicilline 41.67%, erythromycin 75.00% and tetracycline 66.67%; in P2 amoxicilline 33.33%, erythromycin 66.67%, tetracycline 25%; and P3 erythromycin 91.67%, nitrofurantoin 33.33% and tetracycline 33.33%. The water of Carmo Park has concentrations of E. coli that fall within the limits allowed for class 2 bodies of water. E. coli strains isolated from park water are more resistant to antibiotics amoxicilline, erythromycin and tetracycline.