Biotecnologias da reprodução aplicadas a felídeos selvagens para conservação das espécies

Abstract

The threat of extinction weights seriously upon the big felines, including one of the biggest and more important among them, the Jaguar (Panthera once), which has as habitat different regions of Brazil. Nowadays it is found on the list of threatened animals or in risk of extinction.This means, the application of assisted reproduction in wild species threatened of extinction are more and more important. But in order of such technique to be applied, information regarding physiology and reproductive endocrinology must be obtained, just as characteristics of the ejaculated, estrous cycle, type of ovulation, seasonality and stress. These information about the Jaguar and other felines can be obtained through endocrine studies from invasive techniques of hormonal monitoring. The seminal evaluation, super ovulation, artificial insemination, in vitro production of embryos (including sperm capacitation steps, MIV, FIV, CIV) embryo transfer, semem and embryos cryopreservation, rises as an alternate method intended to minimize the lowering of genetic variability of populations. The electroejaculation, is the method used to obtain semen from felines, in the seminal evaluation, high marks of sperm abnormality are common in Felidae family and the Jaguar, usually associated to three big factors: Genetics, Nutritional and Environmental. Artificial insemination in Jaguars has the best result rate when done intrauterine through laparoscopia trans-abdominal. PIV is a well spread technique among Jaguars, the wild cats embryos cryopreservation exists, but it is still not a common procedure. All this Increasing the genetic variability and aiming at the successful conservation of endangered species of wild felines.