Diagnóstico precoce e estratégias de intervenção na HMI (hipomineralização molar incisivo)

Abstract

Incisor Molar Hypomineralization is a defect in the development of tooth enamel that affects one to all first permanent molars and may also be present in the incisors. This condition ends up being a significant health problem, as it negatively affects the aesthetics and function of the dental element, thus causing a low quality of life in the child. The objective of this literature review is to review MIH and provide the dentist with pertinent information about clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. An electronic search was carried out in the following databases: Cochrane Library, VHL (virtual health library), Medline, Scielo, searching for terms using the following key words, ``incisor molar hypomineralization´´, ``treatment´´, `` etiology´´, ``clinical diagnosis´´. MIH appears as well-defined opaque spots that can range in color from white to yellow or brown. Diagnosis can be very difficult, especially when caries lesions are present. Affected patients present clinical problems such as tooth wear, enamel loss, fracture, coronary destruction, thus increasing susceptibility to caries and tooth hypersensitivity. Although the exact cause of MIH is not yet well defined, a combination of several factors has been proposed to explain its occurrence, the potential causes are divided into environmental and genetic influences. Through studies, it is noted that prevalence is directly linked to socioeconomic conditions and can vary from 3% to 50% in some population studies. The treatment of MIH will depend on the severity of the affected tooth, ranging from preventive measures to complex restorative procedures. It is concluded that MIH must receive full attention from the dentist and must be treated through a multidisciplinary clinic whenever possible, aiming to offer the patient the correct diagnosis and the best therapeutic option.