Protocolos de irrigação intracanal

Abstract

Endodontic therapy aims to decontaminate the root canal system in teeth with pulp necrosis in order to eliminate bacteria and prevent periapical infections. Irrigating solution agitation protocols are used to increase the chances of success, favoring the cleaning of sites that are difficult to access, such as accessory canals, apical deltas and dentinal tubules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the irrigants and irrigant solution agitation protocols used in endodontic treatment. A bibliographical survey was carried out, consisting of a search in databases such as Pubmed and Scielo for scientific articles related to the topic. The articles found were read and analyzed and, where relevant, used in the writing of this paper. Sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used in endodontics, in concentrations of 0.5% to 5.25%, it has antimicrobial activity and is effective in dissolving organic tissue. EDTA removes the Smear Layer, unclogging the dentinal tubules, the most commonly used composition is 17%. Another irrigant is Chlorhexidine or Chlorhexidine Digluconate in concentrations of 0.2% to 2.0%. It has antimicrobial activity, but its ability to dissolve organic matter is not effective, so it is more suitable for patients allergic to Sodium Hypochlorite. Among the agitation protocols are Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), EasyClean, XPClean and XP-Endo Finisher. Agitation of the irrigation solution increases the chances of success, promoting disinfection of hard-to-reach sites. Among the most commonly used protocols is the combination of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA, combined with agitation with PUI and EasyClean.