Impacto da brucelose na bovinocultura do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil

Abstract

Among the diseases relevant to public health, brucellosis stands out for being a zoonosis with worldwide distribution, causing economic losses, in addition to being an infectious disease with a chronic evolution. Lesions suggestive of zoonotic diseases identified in cattle carcasses during the slaughter process make it possible to carry out distribution epidemiological studies of infected animals, in addition to reducing the probability of human exposure and the possible risks of consuming contaminated meat. Thus, a survey was carried out of suggestive lesions detection for brucellosis during the post-mortem examination, based on the macroscopic examination of the entire carcass and viscera, during the sanitary inspection, which could characterize the disease existence. During the study period (2012 to 2022), 24,721,134 cattle were slaughtered, and 402 presented macroscopic lesions suggestive of brucellosis on the carcasses. On the other hand, in 1,323,839 animals sampled, 98 were positive through laboratory examination carried out by private veterinarians and the Service of Federal Inspection. These results generated an economic loss of approximately U$ 250,155.44. However, the occurrence of positive animals and properties with infected animals decreased during the period from 2003 to 2022, associated with the increase in the number of bovine females vaccinated against brucellosis. The study of bovine brucellosis occurrence in the State of Rondônia revealed the effectiveness of preventive health education actions and corrective actions determined by Agrosilvopastoril Defense Agency of the State of Rondônia - IDARON in the period from 2003 to 2022. Therefore, the number of positive animals and properties with infected animals significantly decreased, due to the increased level of awareness among producers and the number of vaccines administered to female cattle. It also complies with One Health protocols and policies, as in addition to improving the health of the cattle herd, these actions are protective of human beings who work directly with these animals, as well as consumers of animal products from cattle farming. This fact resulted in a decrease in the occurrence of human brucellosis in the state of Rondônia between 2015 and 2022.