Utilização de palmilhas sensoriais para avaliação, percepção e correção do exercício em corredores iniciantes

Abstract

The number of road runners has increased considerably all over the world. Analyzing variables such as plantar pressure and posture provide important information that helps to understand several factors related to running performance and prevent musculoskeletal injuries. The objective of this work was to evaluate, understand and correct the plantar pressure of beginner runners, through the proposal and application of training using sensory insoles and biofeedback. The present work was of field research type, with a longitudinal study with 30 participants. The experimental protocol was divided into three phases: in the first, the initial assessment of anthropometric data was carried out, assessment of the biomechanical characteristics of the foot, followed by static postural assessment using the Kinovea software and, subsequently, the assessment of static plantar pressure using the platform Pedana Sensor Medica with FreeStep® software; in the second phase, the participants performed the training protocol, for 4 weeks, totaling 12 treadmill running interventions and the use of the ARION® sensory insole with visual biofeedback, for 15 minutes in the first two weeks and 30 minutes in the last two. In the third phase, the same reassessment as in the first phase was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS Software for Windows version 20.0, considering the value of p ≤ 0.05. It was possible to demonstrate that there was a statistically significant variation between the measurements of plantar pressure in the forefoot after running training for the variables surface and surface/load ratio. In the investigation of the forefoot/rearfoot ratio, there was a significant difference for the surface, load and surface/load ratio variables. There was a statistical difference in the postural assessment after the protocol with a reduction in the angles of the head and lower limbs in the anterior view, the head on the left side in the lateral view and the left ankle and right lower limb in the posterior view. Experimental results demonstrated that the use of the sensory insole with biofeedback helps to improve the distribution of plantar pressure and postural angles of the participants. Therefore, it is possible to infer that the use of this device in new training methodologies, with a visual interface of the runner's biomechanical performance, can help reduce injuries and optimize the practice of road running.