Desenvolvimento e validação funcional de sistema automatizado via wi-fi de controle de ambiência para suinocultura

Abstract

Modern swine production constantly seeks to improve animal welfare, since environmental conditions directly influence productive performance, health, and overall efficiency. Among the environmental factors, thermal comfort stands out as a key element for maintaining homeothermy, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, where temperature fluctuations can trigger heat stress. Technological tools for environmental monitoring are essential for precise management; however, many commercially available systems are costly and operationally complex, making them less accessible for small and medium-sized producers. In this context, the present study aimed to develop and validate a low-cost automated Wi-Fi-based environmental control system capable of measuring air temperature, relative humidity, and black globe temperature, in addition to calculating the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI). The prototype was assembled using an ESP32 microcontroller with wireless connectivity, a DHT22 sensor, and a low-cost aluminum black globe, and it includes a local display interface as well as remote data transmission for continuous monitoring. Automated management actions were integrated based on the calculated indices, enabling partial or total opening of curtains, activation of fans, and misting systems under varying thermal stress conditions. The results demonstrated that the system performs reliably, provides consistent environmental readings, and enables practical interpretation of thermal conditions, thereby supporting decision-making for reducing heat stress. The low production cost reinforces the feasibility of implementation in farms with different levels of technological development, contributing to improved animal welfare, productive efficiency, and sustainability in swine production systems. Thus, the prototype represents an accessible and effective digital management tool aligned with current demands of precision livestock farming and the principles of Animal Welfare Science.