Monografias, Dissertações e Teses
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorioacademico.universidadebrasil.edu.br/handle/123456789/1
Navegar
13 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2020 a 2021(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Goulart, Luiz Fernando Moura; Frias, Danila Fernanda RodriguesThe increase in the number of cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) associated with Sars-CoV-2 has originated one of the largest public health emergencies worldwide. This study was developed to examine the epidemiological profile of SARS in the state of Minas Gerais during 2020 and 2021. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and qualitative-quantitative investigation was carried out using the state of Minas Gerais as the unit of analysis. Data were collected from the SIVEP-Gripe (Flu) system and the COVID-19 Case Monitoring Panel, for the years 2020 and 2021. The following variables were analyzed: total COVID-19 cases, total SARS and SARS due to COVID-19, age, gender, race, final classification, and evolution outcome. The data were entered in a spreadsheet, analyzed, and published in the form of graphs, tables, and graphs. The state had 315,726 cases of SARS, of which 58.6% were caused by Sars-CoV-2. Most individuals who had SARS were male (53.2%), aged over 60 years (50.9%), and mixed-race (45.4%). Among the SARS cases, 23.3% evolved to death, and, of these, 77.6% had COVID-19 as the underlying cause. The regions of Uberlândia, Belo Horizonte, Coronel Fabriciano, Patos de Minas, Uberaba, Ituiutaba, Leopoldina, Governador Valadares, and Juiz de Fora had the highest occurrences of SARS/1000 inhabitants. The regions of São João Del Rei, Teófilo Otoni, Passos, and Uberaba stood out with a high lethality rate of patients who had SARS due to COVID-19. The distribution of reported SARS cases and deaths in Minas Gerais was heterogeneous, with a greater number of cases occurring in municipalities with higher population density. The questions presented in this study revealed the deficiencies, weaknesses, and diversities in the response capacities to face the pandemic, suggesting the need for decentralization and restructuring of the health system of several municipalities in the state.Item Teletrabalho x Sustentabilidade: os impactos ambientais das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação em meio a pandemia da COVID-19(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Silveira, Andréia de Jesus Vaz da; Tiossi, Fabiano MartinThe intense digital transformation leveraged by the COVID-19 crisis and the spread of teleworking can invisibly reproduce imbalances, especially with regard to excessive consumerism and waste of energy related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT's), which expresses a mistaken image that digital technologies and practices have no environmental and human impact. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present the relationship between teleworking and the impacts of ICT's on the dimensions of sustainability, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. For its elaboration, an exploratory research was carried out, through a systematic review of the literature of the last 5 years. In total, 301 articles were analyzed, and in the last stage, 10 articles relevant to the research were identified. The study made it possible to identify contributions that mitigated challenges related to logistics, sustainability, mobility, costs, efficiency and quality of life for workers. On the other hand, it was also possible to identify disadvantages that can make teleworking unfeasible, such as social, family, psychological, organizational, structural, and management problems. The paradigm that telecommuting was unfeasible in the Brazilian scenario has been broken. Given the diversity of available evidence, it is possible to conclude, in principle, that the real impact of ICT’s is not being presented or evaluated sufficiently to affirm that teleworking has a positive impact on sustainability. However, with the analysis of data and information collected during the research, it is possible to affirm that this study fulfills its general objective, presenting the relationship between teleworking and the impacts of ICT’s in the dimensions of sustainability, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, new studies are suggested in order to better relate the theme to ICT’s.Item Aplicações de modelos computacionais de análise de dados biomédicos em plataformas de dispositivos móveis(Universidade Brasil, 2020) Sousa, José Vigno Moura; Almeida, Vilson Rosa de; Costa, Mardoqueu Martins daThis work develops CNNPulmona and CNNCardio, implementations of computational models for optimization of analysis of biomedical data from chest radiography (CXR) and electrocardiogram (ECG), respectively, deployable in mobile device platforms, in addition to a comparison of several methods of signal compression. CNNPulmona is an approach for classifying chest Xray images into three classes: bacterial pneumo nia, viral pneumonia (Covid19 or other type) and healthy lung. Convolutional Neural Networks are used, based on pretrained networks in conjunction with a quantization process, by means of the TensorFlow Lite platform method, thereby reducing the com putational cost. The cascade classification method is used, which makes it possible to divide the classifications into different stages; thus, it was possible to obtain 99.16% ac curacy in the classification of images with suspicion of Covid19. The resulting mobile application program also features a simple and intuitive user interface. In CNNCardio, a new method to classify electrocardiogram signals on mobile devices is proposed, which can classify different arrhythmias according to the EC57 standard of the Asso ciation for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. A convolutional neural net work was built, trained and validated with the MITBIH arrhythmia dataset, in which this database has 5 different classes: normal beat, premature supraventricular beat, pre mature ventricular contraction, ventricular beat fusion, normal and unclassifiable beat. After being trained and validated, the model is submitted to a posttraining quantization stage using the TensorFlow Lite conversion method.The results obtained were very sat isfactory, before and after quantization; the convolutional neural network obtained an accuracy of 99%. With the quantization technique, it was possible to obtain a significant reduction in the size of the model, thus enabling the development of the mobile applica tion; this reduction was approximately 90% in relation to the size of the original model. Additionally, the behavior of different signals was compared, when applied to different compression techniques, in order to test and find the best compression techniques for distinct types of biomedical signals, also proving that different types of biomedical sig nals behave distinctly in different types compression of biomedical signals, the results of this comparison of signal compression methods were very satisfactory, demonstrating that different types of compression can be used on signals for better results.Item Presença de Anti-SARS-CoV-2 no leite humano pasteurizado após vacinação: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 no leite humano pasteurizado(Universidade Brasil, 2024) Carvalho, Nara Magalhães; Marciano, Fernanda RobertaThis study aimed to investigate the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies, specific for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), in human milk from 103 lactating women submitted to the Primary Vaccination Scheme (PVS) before or during pregnancy or after delivery. The influence of pasteurization on human milk, the number of vaccine doses received and the economic aspects of the mother were evaluated. The samples were collected and stored in the public milk bank in the city of Teresina/PI, subjected to pasteurization (heated to a temperature of 62.5 ºC and cooled to 5 ºC and analyzed by immunoenzymatic assays. The samples were divided into two groups: observational group (OG) with 83/103 (80.5%) and control group (CG) with 20/103 (19.5%) samples. Results: In the observational group, 52% (43/83) were positive for IgA. It was observed that among the positive ones, 30/43 (70%) were lactating women who had undergone the Primary Vaccination Scheme before pregnancy and 13 (30%) had undergone the Primary Vaccination Scheme during pregnancy or after delivery. No positive samples for IgG were identified in the Observational Group. In the Control Group, 20/103 samples were evaluated before the pasteurization process, that is, Raw Human Milk (RBM), and the same samples were evaluated after pasteurization (PBM). In Raw Human Milk (RBM), 11/20 (55%) were positive for IgA and 3/20 (15%) were inconclusive for IgA and IgG. In the control group, there was no statistical difference between the positive results for specific antibodies in Raw and Pasteurized Human Milk. Conclusion: There was a predominance of the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in human milk among women who underwent the Primary Vaccination Schedule before pregnancy, with a higher level of IgA among those who underwent the Complete Vaccination Schedule with four doses before delivery. No correlations were observed between IgA content and the mother's economic conditions.Item Impacto da vacinação contra a Covid-19: uma análise do território piauiense(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Pereira, Katyane Leite Alves; Marciano, Fernanda RobertaThe behavior of SARS-CoV-2, which causes Covid-19, has challenged world science, however the completion of vaccination against the pathogen has brought the prospect of curbing and controlling the pandemic scenario. The objective was to evaluate the vaccine impact on notifications of Covid-19 in Piauí. This is an exploratory, descriptive and epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, carried out from secondary data available on the public domain website of the state secretary of health of Piauí. The sample comprised all confirmed cases and deaths from Covid-19 notified from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Data collection took place from January to February 2022 and included hospitalizations in clinical, intensive care, stabilization and hospital beds. respirators, new cases, deaths and vaccination records. The results showed stability in the occupation of clinical beds, intensive care units, stabilization units and beds with respirators in the last 14 days of 2021. There was an increase in notifications from January to May 2021 with a greater number of daily cases notified on May 18, indicating 1753 confirmed cases with a decline in cases in June and a downward trend with a variation rate of -39.71%. With regard to deaths resulting from the disease, the highest daily number observed in the state of Piauí occurred on April 11, with 49 deaths. Vaccination recorded a peak of 404,842 vaccine doses dispensed on December 22, with a variation rate of -48.83%. The correlation analysis showed that vaccination is inversely proportional to all hospitalizations and deaths, showing that the higher the vaccination, the lower the hospitalization and deaths from the new Coronavirus, but it did not prevent the transmission of the disease from person to person. Thus, it is necessary that protective measures be maintained and that new studies be carried out in the path of elucidation and genomic surveillance, with a view to persistent immunity and in the immune system escapes to mutations resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection.Item Uso da terapia por fotobiomodulação a laser no tratamento do paciente com covid-19 em unidade de terapia intensiva(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Neves Neto, Messias Augusto das; Tim, Carla Roberta; Garcia, Lívia AssisThe pandemic context ended up causing the exploration of new treatment methods in the face of the conditions presented by patients in this period. In this bias, photobiomodulation therapy has been characterized as a viable therapeutic aspect for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit, since it has great potential for biological alteration. To demonstrate the feasibility of the treatment, a case report was carried out that aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation as an adjuvant treatment in a patient with COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). A 68-year-old man with severe COVID-19 received 5 sessions of PBMT by laser, once daily. The treatment protocol consisted of the association of the application of local PBMT with 808 nm laser and the application of a transdermal laser in the radial artery with a 660 nm laser. The patient was evaluated before and after treatment through radiological evaluation, blood tests and oxygen requirement. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) increased from 92% in the support of oxygen with a mask without rebreathing 13 L/min to 95% in the delivery of O2 2 L/min in a nasal catheter, tolerating the withdrawal of oxygen therapy for 20 minutes. This case report showed that the use of photobiomodulation therapy in the adjuvant treatment of a patient with COVID-19 decreases oxygen needs over several days and without the need for a ventilator. Future controlled clinical trials are needed to assess the effects of PBMT on clinical outcomes in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Item Análises epidemiológica e espacial da Covid-19 no Estado do Piauí(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Macedo, Glauber Bezerra; Tim, Carla Roberta; Garcia, Lívia AssisThe emergence of a new coronavirus in humans, first diagnosed in 2019, has many deaths and serious survival and psychosocial consequences. Through statistical tools and techniques associated with geographic technologies, this ecological, analytical and exploratory study is being developed, whose general objective is to carry out epidemiological and spatial analyzes of the distribution of confirmed cases and deaths from Coronavirus 2019 disease (Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-19), in the year 2020, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The variables listed are being assigned via the IBGE and SESAPI database. All confirmed cases and deaths with COVID-19 infection that were reported in 2020 in that state were included in the study. In the epidemiological analyzes descriptive statistics were carried out and in the spatial analyses, maps are being constructed using geoprocessing techniques, through the statistical analysis of Moran Global and Local. Preliminary results showed that, in 2020, 143,179 confirmed cases and 2,840 deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported in Piauí. A higher percentage of cases was observed in relation to females, young adults, and deaths in elderly, males, with chronic diseases. The capital Piauiense led the number of cases and deaths from the disease, probably due to the high population density. However, when considering the incidence and mortality coefficients of COVID-19, the highest rates in the state were considered in the municipalities of União and Água Branca, respectively. The spatial analysis of the cases showed clusters of high-high pattern of cases of the disease in the metropolitan region of Teresina, the region between Rios and the region of Tabuleiros do Alto do Parnaíba. A high-high cluster for mortality was verified in fillings in the region of Entre Rios and Vale do Sambito. The analyzes performed provided the visualization of spatial clusters and an identification of vulnerable areas, resulting in information that was not visualized working only with tabular data.Item COVID-19 e os mecanismos de infecção relacionados aos hábitos e estilo de vida(Universidade Brasil, 2022) Carvalho, Jucilene Santos de; Santos, Laurita dosThe COVID-19 pandemic presented itself as a major public health problem for Brazil and the world. It had an impact on health indicators such as morbidity, mortality and health expenditures, and important economic impacts related to the closure of establishments and social isolation. Given this scenario, this research was proposed for the municipality of São Caetano de Sul with the objective of analyzing the relationship between behaviors and life habits of people with coronavirus infection, and comparing the data between two specific moments of circulation of different variants. – Delta and Omicrôn. The data presented in this research are the result of 496 valid interviews. In all, there were 218 positive tests for COVID-19 and 278 negative ones. Among the positives, 44 during the circulation of the Delta variant and 176 during the circulation of the Omicrôn variant. The data analyzed and presented demonstrate how the universe of coronavirus infection is multifactorial and dependent on many conditions. This characteristic is even accentuated when the scenarios of two circulations of different variants are compared, as presented in the study. Some data are similar to what the pandemic presented at a global level (such as data related to gender), but others are well circumscribed to the Brazilian reality, or even regional, considering the region of residence where the participants lived (such as data related to race/color). Some behaviors associated with coronavirus control in national and international literature did not have similar results in this research, such as the number of vaccine doses, social isolation and working conditions. There was no significant variation between respondents who tested positive or negative. This situation can be explained by the profile of the respondents of this survey: they were symptomatic people who sought a diagnostic support service to find out whether or not they were contaminated by the coronavirus.Item O uso de relógios inteligentes na aferição de frequência cardíaca de pacientes internados com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica com COVID-19(Universidade Brasil, 2021) Vieira, Leonardo Matos; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta; Carvalho, Jancineide de Oliveira deWearable technologies become an important topic in the field of health technology for the monitoring and storage of health-related data. Pulse oximetry is the most used wearable in the continuous monitoring of vital signs. However, smart watches have been occupying a space in the portion of the population that practice physical activities with the aim of monitoring heart rate (HR) during their practice. Thus, this study infers about the use of smart watches as an instrument for measuring HR in hospitalized patients diagnosed with systemic arterial hypertension affected by covid-19. For this purpose, HR collection was carried out in 30 patients aged between 40 and 80 years old from male and female internships at Hospital de Campanha in Bacabal/MA, using a digital watch (Fitbit, charge HR) and a finger oximeter as a reference value. The devices (watch and oximeter) were placed on the left arm wrist and on the left index finger simultaneously during 30 minutes of evaluation in the patients. In addition to the HR collected by the devices, other vital signs were observed, such as blood pressure (sphygmomanometer), oxygen saturation (finger oximeter) and respiratory rate by analyzing the electrodes placed on the patients. ANOVA analyzes of variance were performed followed by Tukey's Comparison post-test and Pearson's correlation test with the aid of the GraphPadPrism version 7.0 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). The results indicated that they were patients with a mean age for the male gender of 65.00 ± 15.39 years and for the female gender of 65.91 ± 23.06 years, with a respiratory rate per minute of 20.47 ± 0.5679 and 20.6 ± 0.3754 for males and females respectively, in addition to a similarity of 83.3% in HR measurements performed with the watch (84.9 ± 4.29 bpm) in relation to those with the oximeter (88.2 ± 3.75 bpm) with a Pearson correlation for r = 0.71. It can be concluded that the smart watch can be another instrument to be taken into account during the evaluation of vital signs with the same efficiency as that verified by the oximeter.Item Avaliação da eficácia da auriculoterapia a laser para tratamento de falta de olfato e paladar Pós-COVID-19: relatos de casos(Universidade Brasil, 2023) Silva, Aline Roman Lima; Barros, Amanda Farage Frade; Navarro, Ricardo ScarparoCOVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most common symptoms are: fever, dry cough, tiredness, muscle aches, sore throat, headache, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, rashes, loss of smell and/or taste (anosmia and/or ageusia). The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of laser in acuriculotherapy to treat patients with COVID-19 who presented with anosmia and/or ageusia. In this project to establish a clinical protocol, volunteers (n=12) with a rapid test or PCR test for COVID-19, treated, aged over 18 years, both genders, who had post-COVID-19 anosmia as sequelae, participated in this project. and/or ageusia. The volunteers were treated in the laser auriculotherapy group (ATL, n=6) or in the traditional auriculotherapy control group (ATT, n=6), once a week, for 10 weeks, totaling 10 sessions. In the ATL group, using portable low power diode laser equipment (Laser Duo®, MMOptics, São Carlos, Brazil), semiconductor diode active medium (GaAlAs and InGaAlP), with emission in the infrared wavelength (808 nm), energy of 3 J, fixed power of 100 mW, tip area of 0.03 cm2, dose of 100 J/cm2, time of 30 s in contact with the skin at each acupoint. In the ATT group using rapeseed or mustard fixed by adhesive tape, both groups in the points: SHEN MEN, KIDNEY, SYMPATHETIC, TONGUE, MOUTH, EXTERNAL NOSE, INTERNAL NOSE/PHARYNX, HEART AND LUNGS. They answered the clinical evaluation form and quality of life questionnaires (SF36) in the first and last session. Odor and taste tests composed of sweet, salty, sour, bitter and spicy foods were applied from a questionnaire with the “Likert” scale before and after each session. The ATL group, in the analysis of the mental health parameter related to the SF36, showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) and it was possible to observe improvements in smell and taste of bitter and sour foods after treatment. The ATT group showed significant improvements regarding smell and salty taste. The treatments promoted an improvement and general well-being in the volunteers in both evaluated groups, and in the laser group it was possible to observe better statistically significant results. Laser auriculotherapy has the advantage of being a non-pharmacological, painless therapy with minimal side effects.